Table of contentsP001 - Sepsis impairs the capillary response within hypoxic capillaries and decreases erythrocyte oxygen-dependent ATP effluxR. M. Bateman, M. D. Sharpe, J. E. Jagger, C. G. EllisP002 - Lower serum immunoglobulin G2 level does not predispose to severe flu.J. Solé-Violán, M. López-Rodríguez, E. Herrera-Ramos, J. Ruíz-Hernández, L. Borderías, J. Horcajada, N. González-Quevedo, O. Rajas, M. Briones, F. Rodríguez de Castro, C. Rodríguez GallegoP003 - Brain protective effects of intravenous immunoglobulin through inhibition of complement activation and apoptosis in a rat model of sepsisF. Esen, G. Orhun, P. Ergin Ozcan, E. Senturk, C. Ugur Yilmaz, N. Orhan, N. Arican, M. Kaya, M. Kucukerden, M. Giris, U. Akcan, S. Bilgic Gazioglu, E. TuzunP004 - Adenosine a1 receptor dysfunction is associated with leukopenia: A possible mechanism for sepsis-induced leukopeniaR. Riff, O. Naamani, A. DouvdevaniP005 - Analysis of neutrophil by hyper spectral imaging - A preliminary reportR. Takegawa, H. Yoshida, T. Hirose, N. Yamamoto, H. Hagiya, M. Ojima, Y. Akeda, O. Tasaki, K. Tomono, T. ShimazuP006 - Chemiluminescent intensity assessed by eaa predicts the incidence of postoperative infectious complications following gastrointestinal surgeryS. Ono, T. Kubo, S. Suda, T. Ueno, T. IkedaP007 - Serial change of c1 inhibitor in patients with sepsis – A prospective observational studyT. Hirose, H. Ogura, H. Takahashi, M. Ojima, J. Kang, Y. Nakamura, T. Kojima, T. ShimazuP008 - Comparison of bacteremia and sepsis on sepsis related biomarkersT. Ikeda, S. Suda, Y. Izutani, T. Ueno, S. OnoP009 - The changes of procalcitonin levels in critical patients with abdominal septic shock during blood purificationT. Taniguchi, M. OP010 - Validation of a new sensitive point of care device for rapid measurement of procalcitoninC. Dinter, J. Lotz, B. Eilers, C. Wissmann, R. LottP011 - Infection biomarkers in primary care patients with acute respiratory tract infections – Comparison of procalcitonin and C-reactive proteinM. M. Meili, P. S. SchuetzP012 - Do we need a lower procalcitonin cut off?H. Hawa, M. Sharshir, M. Aburageila, N. SalahuddinP013 - The predictive role of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin biomarkers in central nervous system infections with extensively drug resistant bacteriaV. Chantziara, S. Georgiou, A. Tsimogianni, P. Alexandropoulos, A. Vassi, F. Lagiou, M. Valta, G. Micha, E. Chinou, G. MichaloudisP014 - Changes in endotoxin activity assay and procalcitonin levels after direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin-b immobilized fiberA. Kodaira, T. Ikeda, S. Ono, T. Ueno, S. Suda, Y. Izutani, H. ImaizumiP015 - Diagnostic usefullness of combination biomarkers on ICU admissionM. V. De la Torre-Prados, A. Garcia-De la Torre, A. Enguix-Armada, A. Puerto-Morlan, V. Perez-Valero, A. Garcia-AlcantaraP016 - Platelet function analysis utilising the PFA-100 does not predict infection, bacteraemia, sepsis or outcome in critically ill patientsN. Bolton, J. Dudziak, S. Bonney, A. Tridente, P. NeeP017 - Extracellular histone H3 levels are in...

BACKGROUND: B-mode ultrasound can be used to measure diaphragm thickness at the zone of apposition. We believe it is necessary to develop normal values for diaphragm thickness at rest in a large group of healthy subjects and compare them with international results. METHODS: Ultrasound measurements of diaphragm thickness at expiratory rest were taken in 109 healthy individuals, with results stratified by sex, body mass index, and thorax circumference. The following methods were used for analysis and interpretation. Multivariable databases with descriptive statistical analyses were made. The Pearson chi-square test was used to evaluate the distribution between variables. Additionally, mean and SD values were calculated. For standardization, the data were separated by sex within a 95% CI, and we calculated a Z test. A 95% CI was also constructed for proportion analyses. RESULTS: One hundred nine healthy volunteers were included in the study, and the correlation between the body mass index and thorax circumference values with a Pearson chi-square test resulted in an r ‫؍‬ 0.69. Additionally, the average value of diaphragmatic thickness was 0.19 ؎ 0.04 cm (95% CI 0.17-0.20 cm) for men and 0.14 ؎ 0.03 cm (95% CI 0.13-0.15 cm) for women (P ‫؍‬ .001). There was no relation between body mass index thorax circumference, and diaphragmatic thickness. CONCLUSION: Real-time ultrasound of the diaphragm is a simple, inexpensive, and portable imaging technique that can provide qualitative anatomical information. The findings in this study show that sonographic diaphragm evaluations can be applied to the general population. Key words: diaphragm thickness, ultrasound [Respir Care 2016;61(7):920 -924.

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of the study was to describe the feasibility of open fetal microneurosurgery for intrauterine spina bifida (SB) repair and to compare perinatal outcomes with cases managed using the classic open fetal surgery technique. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this study, we selected a cohort of consecutive fetuses with isolated open SB referred to our fetal surgery center in Queretaro, Mexico, during a 3.5-year period (2016–2020). SB repair was performed by either classic open surgery (6- to 8-cm hysterotomy with leakage of amniotic fluid, which was replaced before uterine closure) or open microneurosurgery, which is a novel technique characterized by a 15- to 20-mm hysterotomy diameter, reduced fetal manipulation by fixing the fetal back, and maintenance of normal amniotic fluid and uterine volume during the whole surgery. Perinatal outcomes of cases operated with the classic open fetal surgery technique and open microneurosurgery were compared. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Intrauterine SB repair with a complete 3-layer correction was successfully performed in 60 cases either by classic open fetal surgery (<i>n</i> = 13) or open microneurosurgery (<i>n</i> = 47). No significant differences were observed in gestational age (GA) at fetal intervention (25.4 vs. 25.1 weeks, <i>p</i> = 0.38) or surgical times (107 vs. 120 min, <i>p</i> = 0.15) between both groups. The group with open microneurosurgery showed a significantly lower rate of oligohydramnios (0 vs. 15.4%, <i>p</i> = 0.01), preterm rupture of the membranes (19.0 vs. 53.8%, <i>p</i> = 0.01), higher GA at birth (35.1 vs. 32.7 weeks, <i>p</i> = 0.03), lower rate of preterm delivery &#x3c;34 weeks (21.4 vs. 61.5%, <i>p</i> = 0.01), and lower rate of perinatal death (4.8 vs. 23.1%, <i>p</i> = 0.04) than the group with classic open surgery. During infant follow-up, the rate of hydrocephalus requiring ventriculoperitoneal shunting was similar between both groups (7.5 vs. 20%, <i>p</i> = 0.24). All patients showed an intact hysterotomy site at delivery. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Intrauterine spina repair by open fetal microneurosurgery is feasible and was associated with better perinatal outcomes than classic open fetal surgery.

Background: Intravenous fluid therapy is essential in the management of hospitalized patients, especially in those with acute or critical illness. It has been proposed four premises, four indications, four questions, and four phases for guidance of this fluid therapy. Objective: The objective of this manuscript is to review these new concepts of intravenous fluid therapy. Conclusion: These phases of intravenous fluid resuscitation coexist continuously and with a variability observed on fluid balance, is meant as a dynamic process, not as a temporary fixed pattern or a time scale and which must be individualized to the clinical context of patient.

These phases of intravenous fluid resuscitation coexist continuously and with a variability observed on fluid balance, is meant as a dynamic process, not as a temporary fixed pattern or a time scale and which must be individualized to the clinical context of patient.