This study evaluated the robustness of two recent methods for analyzing multivariate repeated measures when the assumptions of covariance homogeneity and multivariate normality are violated. Specifically, the authors' work compares the performance of the modified Brown-Forsythe (MBF) procedure and the mixed-model procedure adjusted by the Kenward-Roger solution available in SAS PROC MIXED. The authors found that, overall, the MBF procedure appeared to be the least sensitive to the factors examined in the present study; however, this is not necessarily the case for all data sets. As the results show, for tests of the between-subjects main effect, the MBF approach outperformed the mixed-model method when fitting either a patterned or nonpatterned covariance structure. But for tests of within-subjects effects, its Type I error control advantages decrease.

Communication styles are the three communication patterns that result from merging the verbal elements of communication, the non-verbal elements and the paraverbal elements. The objective of this study was to test what effect different communication styles have on attention performance in primary school children. We administered the assertive behavior scale for children (CABS), the symbol digit modalities test (SDMT) and the d2 attention test to a sample of 77 participants of primary school. A statistically significant and proportional correlation was found between the assertive communication style and the total number of correct answers of the SDMT. We also found positive correlations between the assertive communication style and d2 attention test performance. Children with an assertive communication style have better attention performance than children with passive or aggressive communication styles.

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