Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is defined as an abnormal trophoblast invasion into the myometrium, and sometimes up to or beyond the serosa. The pathogenesis is mostly due to placental implantation at an area of defective decidualization caused by pre-existing damage to the endometrial-myometrial interface. 1,2 Depending on the degree of invasion, PAS can be classified as placenta accreta when anchoring placental villi attach to the myometrium (rather than decidua), placenta increta when anchoring placental villi penetrate into the myometrium, and placenta percreta when anchoring placental

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