La atención a la evacuación del agua de lluvia y a la protección de la estructura ante los agentes meteorológicos ha dado lugar a un conjunto de propuestas de estructuras desplegables de aspas sobre planta rectangular en las que estas estructuras definen limas y faldones de pendiente suficiente. El trabajo parte de la resolución del trazado de estructuras desplegables de aspas planas simétricas y base cuadrangular con directriz quebrada, garantizándose el correcto funcionamiento cinemático mediante la construcción de modelos. Se estudian desplegables con directrices poligonales, curvas compuestas y también combinaciones de curvas y rectas. Se repasan los problemas de estabilización de la solución en el estado desplegado, incorporando la cobertura textil y cables de arriostramiento. Finalmente se desarrollan y analizan geométrica y cinemáticamente una serie de propuestas con superficies de intradós y extradós diferentes y otro grupo de ellas en las que los sentidos de despliegue no siguen los ejes del recinto a cubrir.

Deployable structures are a good solution for emergency buildings, due to their lightness and compact nature which means they can be transported to where they are needed. Nevertheless, the deployable structures studied to date have the drawback of being too deformable, so that larger and therefore heavier sections had to be used. This paper proposes a new type of deployable structure that uses reciprocal linkages which give rise to greater strength and rigidity. The geometrical and mechanical conditions of the linkages are analysed, as several different types which perform better can be designed, and a calculation method is developed to analyse structures of this type. The features and behaviour of a flat mesh with articulated reciprocal linkages are also compared analytically and experimentally. The theoretical calculations and experimental tests make it possible to prove the viability and efficacy of this new structural type.

Expandable structures have certain qualities in terms of lightness and transportability which make them very useful as emergency buildings, a research line that is being developed by the authors. However, these structures have some disadvantages due to their reduced rigidity and great deformability, issues that could limit their use. This paper analyzes a reciprocal linkage that considerably improves one of the main problems of expandable structures, which is their lack of rigidity. The extremely strict geometrical conditions for this proposed linkage and the mechanical behaviour are examined. Two series of tests were carried out, with specimens formed by four bars supported reciprocally around the proposed linkage. In the first case, the bars had their ends simply resting on the base and in the second one displacement was restricted at their ends. Theoretical analysis and the experimental tests results are also included. The tests make it possible to define the failure patterns of the different elements of the linkages, bars or bolts. The theoretical models and the experimental results show that the proposed reciprocal linkages are highly effective. Tests of plane scissor meshes were also carried out using reciprocal linkages, showing a very significant reduction in their displacements.

Deployable bar structures on a rectangular base present the problems of closing the ends and longitudinal stabilization. Some proposals have been made to resolve them, mainly by creating mouths, but their application to composite geometries is problematic.<br/> On-the-bias deployable structures adequately solve both problems as they are supported around their entire perimeter, have a strong three-dimensional operation and only use load-bearing bars. The text analyses this type of deployable structures, their requirements and possibilities.<br/> A study on the combination of polar and translational units in a single deployable structure is then carried out, focusing on the study of on-the-bias deployable structures with perimeter polar modules that allow the effective height of the designs to be increased. Finally, the architectural possibilities of the system are studied, which make it possible to resolve overhangs, vertical openings in the roof, and T- or L-shaped ground plans, guaranteeing the modularity of the system.

Un gran problema para la construcción de edificios es la construcción en altura, lo que supone un riesgo para los trabajadores y un mayor costo. El sistema REVERSTOP permite la construcción a nivel del suelo y el posterior izado de cada planta. El nivel superior es el primero en construirse en la planta baja. Este nivel se eleva a través de gatos hidráulicos y se construye un nuevo nivel debajo de él. Las fases posteriores permiten construir todo el edificio, siempre desde el nivel del suelo. En este artículo se analizan los aspectos estructurales del sistema. En el caso analizado, la estructura del edificio se compone de perfiles de aluminio que forman las paredes resistentes, los forjados y la cubierta, con el mismo elemento. Se aportan los cálculos que respaldan la efectividad de la solución y los resultados experimentales obtenidos en las pruebas realizadas dentro de un proyecto de investigación.