We introduce a new neurofeedback approach, which allows users to manipulate expressive parameters in music performances using their emotional state, and we present the results of a pilot clinical experiment applying the approach to alleviate depression in elderly people. Ten adults (9 female and 1 male, mean = 84, SD = 5.8) with normal hearing participated in the neurofeedback study consisting of 10 sessions (2 sessions per week) of 15 min each. EEG data was acquired using the Emotiv EPOC EEG device. In all sessions, subjects were asked to sit in a comfortable chair facing two loudspeakers, to close their eyes, and to avoid moving during the experiment. Participants listened to music pieces preselected according to their music preferences, and were encouraged to increase the loudness and tempo of the pieces, based on their arousal and valence levels. The neurofeedback system was tuned so that increased arousal, computed as beta to alpha activity ratio in the frontal cortex corresponded to increased loudness, and increased valence, computed as relative frontal alpha activity in the right lobe compared to the left lobe, corresponded to increased tempo. Pre and post evaluation of six participants was performed using the BDI depression test, showing an average improvement of 17.2% (1.3) in their BDI scores at the end of the study. In addition, an analysis of the collected EEG data of the participants showed a significant decrease of relative alpha activity in their left frontal lobe (p = 0.00008), which may be interpreted as an improvement of their depression condition.
Tras la monitorización de 9.185 espots publicitarios durante 10 años consecutivos (2008-2017) se detecta una clara tendencia hacia la desaparición de la música original en la comunicación publicitaria televisiva en España. El análisis de contenido muestra que, actualmente, el 67% de anuncios cuentan con música preexistente. Tan solo 1 de cada 4 espots cuentan con música original propia de la marca, en sus distintas formas musicales. Los datos obtenidos en el presente estudio se aproximan a los que el investigador Allan mostró en 2008 en referencia a la música publicitaria en los USA. Premonición o tendencia, pero la “americanización” de estos hechos es una realidad incuestionable en la comunicación publicitaria española actual.
Existe un corpus importante de investigaciones científicas que han estudiado la banda sonora –voz, música y efectos sonoros– en la comunicación audiovisual publicitaria, en especial el papel que juega la música en el proceso de atraer la atención del consumidor. Pocos estudios, en cambio, han examinado la banda sonora publicitaria cuando esta se presenta a través del silencio como un recurso creativo en los spots. ¿Es posible dar contenido al silencio, llenarlo de significado? El motivo central para usar el silencio en publicidad deberá ser el de aumentar la atención del consumidor y su capacidad de retención del mensaje. Sin duda, un uso adecuado del silencio puede conciliar la estética y el concepto en pro del objetivo publicitario.
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