RESUMENEn este documento se analiza el traspaso de movimientos en el tipo de cambio a diferentes índices de precios en México. El análisis se basa en un modelo de vectores autorregresivos (VAR) para datos mensuales de enero de 1997 a diciembre de 2010. Los efectos del traspaso se calculan utilizando los impulsos respuesta acumulados de un choque al tipo de cambio que se identifica mediante el método recursivo. Los resultados muestran que el traspaso a los precios de las importaciones es completo, pero que el grado de traspaso disminuye a lo largo de la cadena de distribución, de tal manera que el efecto en los precios al consumidor es menor a 20%. Además, se encuentra que el traspaso a los precios al consumidor parece disminuir considerablemente a partir de 2001, lo cual coincide con la adopción del esquema de objetivos de inflación por parte del Banco de México.
We analyze inflation's persistence in the 1980-2006 period for the ten largest Latin American economies using univariate time-series techniques. Although the estimated degree of inflation persistence appears to be different across countries, for the region as a whole the persistence seems to be very high. However, the estimated degree of persistence falls in all countries once we permit structural breaks in the mean of inflation. The timing of these breaks coincides with shifts in the monetary policy regimes and is similar across countries. Regardless of the changes in the mean, the degree of persistence appears to be decreasing in the region, even though for some countries persistence does not seem to be changing.
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