The material and symbolic reproduction of life depends on the realization ofguarantee the fundamental rights to drinking water, sanitation, a healthy and ecologically balanced environment, associated with the inviolability of the principles of socio-environmental existential minimum and human dignity and the aim was to investigate the relationship between socio-spatial inequalities in access to sanitation and health threats in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador (RMS), Bahia, Brazil. An interdisciplinary approach was adopted, covering the use of water quality indicators, sanitation indicators, social health conditions and the adoption of space as a category of social analysis. It was revealed that the child population (< 5 years old) of the groups that declared themselves to be brown or black, regardless of sex, have the greatest social demand for hospitalizations for diarrhea and public policies for access to sanitation, a healthy environment and ecologically balanced and health, especially in the municipalities of Itaparica and Vera Cruz. The infant mortality rates (IMR) and the infant mortality rate (IMR) in the RMS were similar to what was observed in Latin America and the Caribbean, but differed from the IMR and IMR in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil, in South America. North, Western Europe and Australia and New Zealand. There is a demand for environmental management and public policies that focus on improving education and sanitation, reducing the number of hospitalizations for diarrhea and preventable deaths of children in the RMS.

This research aimed to investigate the quality of coastal surface waters and the levels of trace metals in the leaves of Rhizophora mangle L. in the Tinharé-Boipeba APA, Baixo Sul da Bahia, Brazil. The physicalchemical variables were measured in situ with the aid of a multiparameter probe and samples of Rhizophora leaves were collected at 10 sampling points for biometric, visual diagnosis and trace metal analysis (F-AAS). The results of the OD analyzes revealed changes in water quality (70% of the sampling points), associated with forms of land occupation and failures in environmental sanitation. Cluster analysis allowed the classification of samples into biogeochemical groups, according to trace element content and leaf biometry. This multivariate analysis suggested that the variation in leaf area can be explained, in part, by the levels of Cu and Zn, in addition to other ecological-environmental factors different from those investigated. The levels of trace metals in the leaves were considered normal and non-toxic and the levels of trace metals in the sediments of this APA did not characterize a polluted area, however water pollution demands coastal management, improvements in sanitation and environmental monitoring, and biomonitoring.