Due to the potential toxic effects of synthetic antioxidants, natural antioxidant sources especially fruits are being preferred now-a-days for use in different meat products. The majority of the antioxidant capacity of a fruit is especially because of numerous phenolic compounds. Many of the phytochemicals present in fruits may help protect cells against the oxidative damage caused by free radicals, thereby reducing the risk of degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, various types of cancers, and neurological diseases. Various parts of the fruit including their byproducts like skin and seeds have been used in meat products. Plum has been used as plum puree, prunes (dried plum), and plum extracts. Grape skin, seed, peel extracts, and grape pomace; berries as cakes and powder extracts; pomegranate rind powder and its juice; and most of the citrus fruits have proved beneficial sources of antioxidants. All these natural sources have effectively reduced the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) values and free radical frequency. Thus, lipid oxidation is prevented and shelf life is greatly enhanced by incorporating various kinds of fruits and their byproducts in meat and meat products. There is a great scope for the use of fruits as natural sources of antioxidants in meat industry. The review is intended to provide an overview of the fruit-based natural antioxidants in meat and meat products.

Various signaling mechanisms contribute significantly to the development of multiple cancers. Small molecules with the potential of influencing a wide variety of molecular targets may prove as broad-spectrum anticancer agents. Flavonoids from plant sources are strongly emerging as promising antineoplastic molecules because of their ability to hamper different cancer-driving signaling pathways. Further, these flavonoids offer an additional benefit due to their congenital antioxidant potential. This paper discusses the anticancer activity of luteolin against a number of cancers including leukemias, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, melanoma, liver, gastric, and brain cancer. Strong emphasis has been laid on key molecular mechanisms impacted by luteolin for exerting antineoplastic effect. Importantly, certain epigenetic targets like histone deacetylases (HDACs), DNA methylation regulator enzymes that are influenced by this befitting flavone for inducing cytotoxicity in certain preclinical cancer models, have also been made the part of this review. Additionally, the significantly improved therapeutic benefits of luteolin in combination with other therapeutics are comprehensively discussed. The current loopholes in luteolin research are also considered, which may open novel routes for further valuable studies on this promising flavone.

ObjectiveAn experiment was conducted to study the effect of a blend of essential oils (BEO) on enteric methane emission and growth performance of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis).MethodsTwenty one growing male buffaloes (average body weight of 279±9.3 kg) were divided in to three groups. The animals of all the three groups were fed on a ration consisting of wheat straw and concentrate mixture targeting 500 g daily live weight gain. The three dietary groups were; Group 1, control without additive; Group 2 and 3, supplemented with BEO at 0.15 and 0.30 mL/kg of dry matter intake (DMI), respectively.ResultsDuring six months feeding trial, the intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients (organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fibre, and acid detergent fibre) were similar in all the groups. The average body weight gain was tended to improve (p = 0.084) in Group 2 and Group 3 as compared to control animals. Feeding of BEO did not affect feed conversion efficiency of the animals. The calves of all the three groups were in positive nitrogen balance with no difference in nitrogen metabolism. During respiration chamber studies the methane production (L/kg DMI and L/kg digestible dry matter intake was significantly (p<0.001) lower in Group 2 and Group 3 as compared to control animals.ConclusionThe results indicated that the BEO tested in the present study have shown potential to reduce enteric methane production without compromising the nutrient utilization and animal performance and could be further explored for its use as feed additive to mitigate enteric methane production in livestock.

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Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), an isozyme of Class I HDACs has potent imputations in actuating neurodegenerative signaling. Currently, there are sizeable therapeutic disquiets with the use of synthetic histone deacetylase inhibitors in disease management. This strongly suggests the unfulfilled medical necessity of plant substitutes for therapeutic intervention. Sulforaphane‐N‐acetyl‐cysteine (SFN‐N‐acetylcysteine or SFN‐NAC), a sulforaphane metabolite has shown significantly worthier activity against HDACs under in vitro conditions. However, the atomistic studies of SFN‐NAC against HDAC2 are currently lacking. Thus, the present study employed a hybrid strategy including extra‐precision (XP) grid‐based flexible molecular docking, molecular mechanics generalized born surface area (MM‐GBSA), e‐Pharmacophores method, and molecular dynamics simulation for exploring the binding strengh, mode of interaction, e‐Pharmacophoric features, and stability of SFN‐NAC towards HDAC2. Further, the globally acknowledged density functional theory (DFT) study was performed on SFN‐NAC and entinostat individually in complex state with HDAC2. Apart from this, these inhibitors were tested against three distinct cancer cell models and one transformed cell line for cytotoxic activity. Moreover, double mutant of HDAC2 was generated and the binding orientation and interaction of SFN‐NAC was scrutinized in this state. On the whole, this study unbosomed and explained the comparatively higher binding affinity of entinostat for HDAC2 and its wide spectrum cytotoxicity than SFN‐NAC.