A prime aim of invasion biology is to predict which species will become invasive, but retrospective analyses have so far failed to develop robust generalizations. This is because many biological, environmental, and anthropogenic factors interact to determine the distribution of invasive species. However, in this paper we also argue that many analyses of invasiveness have been flawed by not considering several fundamental issues: (1) the range size of an invasive species depends on how much time it has had to spread (its residence time); (2) the range size and spread rate are mediated by the total extent of suitable (i.e. potentially invasible) habitat; and (3) the range size and spread rate depend on the frequency and intensity of introductions (propagule pressure), the position of founder populations in relation to the potential range, and the spatial distribution of the potential range. We explored these considerations using a large set of invasive alien plant species in South Africa for which accurate distribution data and other relevant information were available.  Species introduced earlier and those with larger potential ranges had larger current range sizes, but we found no significant effect of the spatial distribution of potential ranges on current range sizes, and data on propagule pressure were largely unavailable. However, crucially, we showed that: (1) including residence time and potential range always significantly increases the explanatory power of the models; and (2) residence time and potential range can affect which factors emerge as significant determinants of invasiveness. Therefore, analyses not including potential range and residence time can come to misleading conclusions. When these factors were taken into account, we found that nitrogen‐fixing plants and plants invading arid regions have spread faster than other species, but these results were phylogenetically constrained. We also show that, when analysed in the context of residence time and potential range, variation in range size among invasive species is implicitly due to variation in spread rates, and, that by explicitly assuming a particular model of spread, it is possible to estimate changes in the rates of plant invasions through time.  We believe that invasion biology can develop generalizations that are useful for management, but only in the context of a suitable null model.

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African agriculture needs to adapt to climate change and shift from unsustainable production practices to sustainable ones. This requires innovative, substantial, and long-term agricultural investments that can allow all agricultural actors to adopt sustainable agricultural practices. Better and more inclusive options to leapfrog Africa’s sustainable agricultural development lie in financial technologies (FinTech). FinTech uses digital technology innovations to ease the provision of financial services to users and thus enhance financial inclusion. The aim of this study is to clarify the important role that FinTech can play in financing sustainability in agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). To examine this role, the study shortlisted 17 SSA countries. The literature on FinTech-enhanced agricultural initiatives in these countries was reviewed. The results confirm that FinTech has the opportunity to become the much needed ‘support system’ for sustainable agriculture in SSA. Most of the financial products accessed by smallholder farmers in the selected countries helped the farmers in addressing production and marketing challenges in agriculture. The technologies can also help to improve efficiency in financing smallholder agriculture, enabling wider adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. To promote the financing of sustainable agriculture at scale, there is a need to train the farmers about the functionality of digital platforms, and policymakers need to address challenges such as gaps in infrastructure between the urban and rural areas.

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