In a multicenter study, we have conducted a retrospective study on 73 pediatric AML patients who were primary refractory or in greater than CR1 and investigated MSD (or MMSD) (n = 20), URD (n = 23), and UCB (n = 30) HCT between January 1998 and October 2009. The median day to neutrophil engraftment was similar in all groups. The median day to platelet engraftment was longer in the UCB group. The number of HLA mismatch was higher in the UCB group (p = 0.034); however, the cumulative incidence of grade III-IV aGVHD was not different among all groups (p = 0.125); furthermore, cGVHD was lower in the UCB group (p = 0.078). The risk of relapse did not differ among all groups (RR = 1.28, p = 0.125), but the patients of MSD (or MMSD) grafts had a trend of higher risk recurrence. Sixty-two patients survived with a median follow-up of 58.2 months. Five-yr LFS was 73.1%, 59.8%, and 59.6% for URD, UCB, and MSD (or MMDS), respectively (p = 0.426). Five-yr LFS in CR1 was 68.9%, with a significantly better result compared to 41.7% in CR2 (p = 0.025). Our comparisons suggest that pediatric AML patients receiving UCB had a higher early TRM, a lower cGVHD rate, and a similar long-term survival. The outcome of URD and UCB is comparable to that of a suitable sibling for pediatric AML.

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Background: Erectile dysfunction (ED) shares common risk factors with cardiovascular disease (CVD), such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and dyslipidemia, but the relationship between the risk factors of CVD in biochemical markers and young men with ED age 20-40 years is not fully clarified.Methods: A total of 289 ED outpatients (20-40 years old) were allocated under ED group, based on patients' complaints and physical examinations. According to the frequency matching ratio of 1:4, 1,155 male individuals (20-40 years old) without ED were set as control group. All participants were tested for lipid profiles including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), blood glucose (BG), homocysteine (HCY), liver function including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and renal function including uric acid (UA) and creatinine (CR). The study was designed to compare the two groups using an established binary logistic regression analysis model. The ED group was then subdivided into a younger ED group (20-30 years old) and an older ED group (31-40 years old) for further comparisons.Results: After comparison, no obvious differences were found in medians of age, TC, TG, HDL, HCY, UA, and ALT in the two groups. Median LDL, BG, and CR were significantly higher and AST was much lower in the ED group (P<0.01). In binary logistic regression analysis, odds ratios (OR) for LDL, BG, CR, and AST were 1.279, 1.237, 1.026, and 0.978, respectively. The sensitivity value and specificity value were 43.25% and 72.56%, respectively. The medians of LDL, TG, and TC were higher and HDL was much lower in the older ED group, as compared with the younger group (P<0.05). No significant differences were displayed in medians of other biochemical markers in the above comparisons.Conclusions: Elevated LDL, BG, and CR were related factors of ED in young men. Lipid profile was significantly different between young men with ED aged 20-30 and 31-40 years.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of the Chinese herbal formula Wuzi Yanzong Pill (WYP) on the spermatogenesis and mitophagy of Sertoli cells in a rat model. Methods: Five groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=5 per group) included control group, model group, low-dose WYP group, medium-dose WYP group and high-dose WYP group. They were treated daily with vehicle, multiglycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f (GTW) either alone (20 mg/kg) or followed by WYP (0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg daily) respectively for 30 days. The autophagy genes, LC3 and lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP-2) expression of Sertoli cell in testis were measured by immunohistochemical staining. The quantification of mitophagy and LC3 immunogold particles in Sertoli cell were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Histopathological alterations in the testis were determined using Johnsen's score. Results: The toxicity of GTW towards Sertoli cell and spermatogenesis was accompanied by increased LC3 and LAMP-2 expression and decreased Johnsen's scores in the GTW group compared with the control group. The increased quantification of mitophagy and LC3 immunogold particles in Sertoli cell were observed in the GTW group testis tissue. Oral high-dose WYP administrations to GTW-treated rats effectively alleviated all of the GTW-induced changes on mitophagy in Sertoli cells. Furthermore, Johnsen's score of the testis increased greatly compared with the model group. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on erectile function recovery in a rat model of cavernous nerve (CN) crush injury. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham group, injured control group, and three experimental groups (group A, B, C, with an oral administration of LBP at 1, 7, and 14 day respectively after CN crush injury for 2 weeks). Malondialdehyde (MDA), super oxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were evaluated at 1, 2, 4, and 12 week. Intracavernous pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were assessed at 12 week. Myelinated axons of CN and Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) containing nerve fibres were evaluated. Endothelial NOS (eNOS) protein expression and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) level were measured.