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Background Parenting practices are crucial to children’s development and are important predictors of children’s conduct problems. The aim of the current study was to test the mediating role of mothers’ character traits on the relationship between their temperamental self-regulation and their parenting practices, and on their children’s conduct problems. Method A representative sample of 387 Israeli mothers of kindergarten children was recruited online. They completed questionnaires about their own effortful control (adult temperament questionnaire; ATQ), character traits (temperament and character inventory-revised (TCI-R), big five inventory (BFI)), and parenting practices (coping with children’s negative emotions scale; CCNES), as well as conduct problems of their children (strengths and difficulties questionnaire; SDQ). Structural equation models were fitted, testing for direct and indirect connections, once with character traits drawn from the TCI and once with BFI traits. Results In both analyses, the first model presented a significant direct effect between mothers’ effortful control and children’s conduct problems. When including mother’s parenting and character (based on the TCI or on the BFI) in the model, the direct path became insignificant and significant mediation effects were found; specifically, the indirect path through the parenting practices, as well as the mediated mediation path through the parenting practices and character. Moreover, mediation effects were found between mothers’ effortful control and parenting practices through some character traits. The selected models showed a good fit (e.g., NFI = 0.985; CFI = 0.997; RMSEA = 0.038). Discussion Our findings emphasize the importance of the mother’s mature personality characteristics, the mother’s actual parental practices, and the crucial value of this path for predicting child behavior outcomes.

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The purpose of the current study was to test a self‐compassion‐focussed mindfulness (SCFM) intervention for increasing self‐compassion and decreasing depressive symptoms, as well as to test the effect of initial self‐compassion as a possible moderator. Community volunteers participated in an SCFM group or in a control group and self‐reported at three points in time: at baseline (study, n = 73; control, n = 80), at the end of the 5‐week five‐session intervention (study, n = 57; control, n = 61) and at follow‐up 5 weeks later (study, n = 47; control, n = 50). The SCFM was a Hebrew adaptation based on a mindful self‐compassion programme, which is available online. The SCFM was held in person, in small groups (N < 20) over a 2‐month period. A four‐way interaction was found to be significant [F(2, 186) = 3.70, p = 0.027, η2p = 0.038]. Post hoc tests showed that those who were initially low on self‐compassion and participated in the SCFM experienced relief in their depressive symptoms and that their level of self‐compassion was increased. This implies that self‐compassion is a moderating trait, with the benefit of relieving suffering. By increasing the levels of self‐compassion in individuals, it is possible to improve their psychological health.