No abstract

Resources for implementing countermeasures to reduce pedestrian collisions in urban centers are usually allocated on the basis of need, which is determined by risk studies. They commonly rely on pedestrian volumes at intersections. The methods used to estimate pedestrian volumes include direct counts and surveys, but few studies have addressed the accuracy of these methods. This paper investigates the accuracy of three common counting methods: manual counts using sheets, manual counts using clickers, and manual counts using video cameras. The counts took place in San Francisco. For the analysis, the video image counts, with recordings made at the same time as the clicker and sheet counts, were assumed to represent actual pedestrian volume. The results indicate that manual counts with either sheets or clickers systematically underestimated pedestrian volumes. The error rates range from 8-25%. Additionally, the error rate was greater at the beginning and end of the observation period, possibly resulting from the observer's lack of familiarity with the tasks or fatigue.

This paper proposes a method to evaluate the potential risk of pedestrian crashes at midblock crossings, which can be applied in developing countries. The method is quantitative because it uses modeling techniques to represent the relationship of risk factors with the occurrence of pedestrian crashes. Application of the method described here comprised the analysis of reported pedestrian crashes in the city of Porto Alegre, in southern Brazil, between 1998 and 2006, and the identification of midblock crossings with the highest number of pedestrian crashes. Twenty-one midblock crosswalks were selected for evaluation. A Poisson regression model was developed to relate pedestrian crashes to the prevailing operational and physical characteristics of midblock crossings. The results indicate that pedestrian crash risk is influenced by a combination of interactive risk factors, such as the presence of busways and bus stops, the road width, the number of traffic lanes, and the volume of pedestrians and vehicles.

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><p align="left">There is no standard system for estimating area-wide pedestrian volumes in the United States. As a result, pedestrian volumes cannot be routinely used to guide transportation investments and monitoring measures performance. Vehicle volumes, by contrast, are measured systematically in each state and are reported to the Federal Highway Administration annually to be used in the allocation of federal funds. This paper investigates the advantages and disadvantages of three approaches to the creation of a standard system of pedestrian volume measurement: direct sampling, survey methods, and modeling. Examples of each method are given, and the potential of each to become a national standard is discussed. Of the three approaches, the modeling methods were judged to be most suitable for tracking pedestrian volumes at the national, state, and sub-state level. A standardized pedestrian volume modeling method could make use of existing data sources without generating the need for a new national pedestrian data collection effort.</p></span></span>

<p>A Associação Nacional de Pesquisa e Ensino em Transportes, ANPET, foi criada com o propósito de atuar como um fórum especializado para a discussão da pesquisa e do ensino de transportes no Brasil. Fundada em 1986, a ANPET reúne todos os anos em seus congressos muitos trabalhos científicos de diversas instituições e áreas de conhecimento, proporcionando a troca de experiências e o fortalecimento da pesquisa. O objetivo deste trabalho é retratar o perfil e a evolução dos temas abordados nos anais dos congressos e revistas editadas e publicadas pela ANPET, bem como caracterizar a participação das diferentes instituições que têm contribuído para o sucesso da Associação. A metodologia adotada para a realização do trabalho consistiu na estruturação de um banco de dados que possibilita consultas múltiplas.</p>