Background and aim of the work: The aim of this study is to assess the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) towards diabetes and its complications among physicians in Taif. Subjects and Methods: this survey was done by interviewing the physicians to fill the questionnaire focusing on their awareness about screening, diagnosis, and preventive measures of diabetic complications. Results: A total of 101 physicians (72% females), 88% of them were practicing in urban areas and 78% of them practiced > 5 years. 90% of the physicians had postgraduate qualifications and 49% of them had special training on diabetes management. Eighty one percent follow guidelines for care for diabetes. In 72% of practioners diabetic patients constituted 18-50% of patients in their daily practice and in 28% of practioners diabetic patient were > 50% of daily practice. Over 80% of the participants were aware about the correct answers. Comparing the percentages of awareness among practioners in tertiary hospitals and primary health care centers it was significantly higher in the formers (P< 0.05). The question which had the highest percentages of correct answer was about the value of periodic examination of diabetic patient (correct in94%) The effect of lipid profile on diabetic complications was the least to be answered correctly. Conclusion: The study revealed a good to excellent awareness of Taif practioners about early detection, diagnosis and management of diabetic complications especially those practicing in tertiary hospitals, reflecting the values of continuous medical education programs applied in such hospitals.

Over the past few decades, vitamin D was proposed to be highly influential on female fertility and reproductive health. Its role was extensively studied and evaluated specifically in females with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Objectives: the aim of this research was to study the correlation between vitamin D and fertility in general, and in polycystic ovarian syndrome-associated infertility in particular. Methods: we searched Cochrane Library and PubMed for articles addressing the impact and role of vitamin D in fertility issues in females with polycystic ovary disease. Specifically-related topics were carefully reviewed and analyzed to summarize their conclusive results. Results and Discussion: Vitamin D was lower in females with PCOS and vitamin D administration had increased its level, improved metabolic disturbance and shortened inter-menstrual intervals in those patients. Patients with high vitamin D levels had a better success rate of invitro fertilization. However, it did not affect the time to pregnancy in PCOS women. Conclusion: Vitamin D is beneficial for improving metabolic as well as reproductive functions in women with PCOS. It is also essential for successful in-vitro fertilization, and it is probably protective against endometriosis. However, results from different studies are contradictory, and still there is no solid evidence that there is a cause-effect relationship between vitamin D and fertility.