Ao Professor Fernando Mauro Lanças, por ter me recebido em seu grupo de pesquisa e confiado no meu trabalho, me orientando ao longo desses anos e, sem dúvida, contribuindo para meu crescimento profissional. A minha mãe, Lenice, e minha irmã, Maressa, que sempre estiveram ao meu lado, apoiando minhas decisões, me fazendo seguir em frente e acreditando sempre nos meus ideais. Ao Rodrigo, que sonhou junto a mim todos esses anos, acreditando no meu potencial e me ajudando a superar as dificuldades. Com certeza, perfeito namorado e melhor companheiro de trabalho. Aos amigos do CROMA, que me ofereceram não só conhecimento cientifico, mais também amizade e companheirismo, dos quais eu jamais me esquecerei. Ao professor Álvaro que, sempre com entusiasmo, colaborou com o desenvolvimento do trabalho, discutindo dados e aperfeiçoando ideias. Ao Dalton, por estar sempre disposto a colaborar com a pesquisa, desenvolvendo junto comigo parte desse trabalho. À Odete, que traz consigo a alma do laboratório, sempre com uma palavra amiga e a mão estendida para nos ajudar. Ao Alcimar, Elaine e Guilherme que se fizeram sempre presentes, me auxiliando e contribuindo para o desenvolvimento do trabalho. À professora Eny, pela amizade e carinho dedicados a mim e ao Rodrigo. Aos funcionários das oficinas mecânica e elétrica pelo suporte técnico prestado, sempre dispostos a solucionarem nossos problemas. Aos funcionários da Associação Internacional de Cromatografia, NST e Protheus pela pronta disposição a colaborar.
The wastewaters generated by the textile industry are known for their high COD, high concentration of non-biodegradable organic matter, and strong color, once approximately 12% of the dyes are lost during production. Azo dyes are the most used due to their high adherence to the fabrics, resistance to sunlight and to chemical processes. Those dyes have also the drawback of being resistant to conventional biological methods. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) have been studied as a promising alternative for treating toxic, refractory, and nonbiodegradable pollutants. The present work is aimed at treating the wastewater of a textile industry by the H 2 O 2 /UV process in order to remove the color due to the Remazol dyes present, as well as optimizing the process in order to obtain a wastewater easier to be biologically treated. For that purpose, an experimental design was performed to assess the effects of independent variables pH, temperature, and hydrogen peroxide concentration. Next, a polynomial model was fit to the obtained data. The optimum treatment condition was: pH = 12.3; temperature = 52ºC, and [H 2 O 2 ] = 3.1 × 10-4 mol L-1. The response variables were color removal (measured by the area under the spectra obtained in the visible region) and the residual concentrations of H 2 O 2 (vanadate method). Color removals of approximately 80 and 75% were achieved, for H 2 O 2 /UV and direct photolysis, respectively, both after two hours of irradiation. The decolorization kinetics of the H 2 O 2 /UV process followed a first order model, with a constant (k) of (1.5 ± 0.36) × 10-2 min-1 , while the effluent treated with the direct photolysis showed a second order behavior, with k = (2.3 ± 0.36) × 10-2 u.a.-1 min-1. The COD/BOD ratio remained practically unchanged for both process, in the range of 5.0 < COD/BOD > 2.5. COT analyses were in agreement with COD ones, with no significant changes. However, it could be observed in the chromatographic analyses that the H 2 O 2 /UV process, apparently, was responsible for a greater degradation of the compounds present in the studied wastewater.
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