The article presents the results of research work in the field of dairy farming. During the study, shortcomings in the technology and technical means of machine milking and primary processing of cow’s milk in the mountainous conditions of farming in the North Caucasus are revealed. The main producers are households, individual entrepreneurs and peasant (farm) households. An alternative technology of machine milking and primary processing of milk with energy-saving technical means of machine milking, manure removal, the use of non-traditional energy sources, assembled into a technological line for milk production is proposed. The results of comparative production tests of a milking machine for operation in foothill and mountainous regions are presented, a characteristic feature of which is operation without breaking the operating mode at elevations above a thousand meters above sea level. The results confirm the advantage of the proposed design in terms of milk excretion rate, productivity, milk quality in terms of fat content, low injury to the milking livestock when using the development. Energy indicators of the advantages of the technology for collecting and utilizing manure with obtaining an additional energy carrier and high-quality organic fertilizer are also given. The proposed technology provides for measures and technical means for the care of the pasture territory in order to exclude violations of the environment and vegetation cover of the rich forbs of the North Caucasian mountain pastures.

The article covers the results of a theoretical investigation for dung and livestock manure anaerobic fermentation process, substantiated the structural technological scheme and operating modes of the biomethane installation. An investigation complex was carried out on the basis of substantiating the parameters of the technological process, equipment of a biomethane installation, where the goal is to increase the efficiency of substrate processing. Based on the analysis, it was found that the biomethane discharge is one of the main characteristics of processing the substrate, and this moment was taken as the main criterion for optimization work. The rational modes and parameters of the biomethane installation were determined using the mathematical method of planning a multifactorial experiment. The influence of the temperature for the fermentation process of the substrate, the time of mixing the substrate and the number of revolutions of the heat-exchanging mixer on the biogas discharge was established. The influence of design factors, including various factors, was carried out using mathematical statistics and mathematical modeling, where the dependence of the biogas discharge on the temperature of the substrate fermentation process, the time of mixing the substrate and the number of revolutions of the heat exchanging mixer were obtained. The proposed biomethane installation has passed production and laboratory tests in order to optimize the parameters of various capacities for their operation in various regions of the country, the creation of an experimental installation operating in the thermophilic mode, including the stage of preliminary preparation of livestock manure biomass in the technological chain, obtaining liquid and solid fertilizers and other waste-free technology products.

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