The article provides information on the labor productivity level in the agricultural sector, reveals aspects of innovations in production, analyzes the education level in human resources of rural workers, reveals the prospects for digitalization of the agricultural sector.

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One of the necessary conditions for the creation of effective working bodies that ensure high quality tillage with the lowest possible energy intensity of the process is the search for the optimal geometric and kinematic parameters of the working body of the tillage implement. This problem is successfully solved for working bodies making a simple flat movement. At the same time, a significant proportion of the working bodies of agricultural machines have relatively complex working bodies, which, along with the portable rectilinear movement, rotate around its axis. So, many rotary working bodies rotate around disjoint axes and move progressively in a direction that does not coincide and does not intersect with the instantaneous axis of rotation. One of the promising designs of the working bodies for deep loosening of the soil is a rotary working body conical shape. In the article, the equations of motion of an arbitrary point of the working surface of a subsoiler of a conical shape are obtained. The subsoiler is a screw cone mounted on a bearing, with the possibility of frictional rotational movement. The main research results are obtained on the basis of theoretical study using methods of mechanics, analytical geometry and laws of agricultural mechanics. The rational parameters of the angle at the apex of the cone ψ and the rear cutting angle ε are revealed. Using the obtained equations, it is possible to determine the speed of action on the soil, as well as the acceleration of various points of the working surface of the cone-shaped rotary working bodies, which can be further used to analyze the process of interaction of the tool with the soil and justify its structural and technological parameters.

Potato production in the Russian Federation and in many countries of the world is important. In the public sector, potatoes are cultivated on farms, personal and subsidiary plots. In connection with the transition to market relations, the area for planting potatoes has sharply decreased, and as a result, the production of potato harvesting equipment. Therefore, an acute question arose of the further creation and production of the simplest potato harvesting equipment and the improvement of their new working bodies. Pre-harvest removal chopping tops occupies an important place in the technology of potato cultivation. During operation, it was noted that rotary machines have a number of disadvantages caused by the imperfection of the rotor design, its kinematic modes, insufficient balance and reliability. In order to eliminate these shortcomings, a rotary topper with a vertical axis of rotation was designed and manufactured. To justify the design and operational parameters, theoretical studies of the process of interaction of the working element of the chopper with the tops of root crops were carried out, as a result of which the main patterns characterizing the working element were identified. In particular, dependence was obtained that allows to determine the cross-sectional diameter of the working element, which takes into account both the design parameters of the developed grinder and the properties of the tops. After calculating the obtained dependence, it was determined that for the operation of the unit with a minimum energy consumption, the diameter of the working element should be 6 mm. Such a working element cuts the tops in compliance with all agricultural requirements. Field experiments conducted later confirmed the obtained value, which indicates the reliability of the results.

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