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Background: FS-1 is a complex of iodine and synthesized polysaccharides and it is very effective against a number of microbe and virus strains. The aim of the study was to evaluate possible genotoxic properties of FS-1. Methods: The compound was studied in rat and mouse bone marrow micronucleus (MN) assay and the comet assay in murine peripheral blood leukocytes, hepatocytes, and kidney cells. Two treatment protocols were applied, namely acute and subacute ones. In the first protocol, the compound was administered orally once and in subacute treatment two times, 24 h apart. The animals were sacrificed 24 h after the last treatment, and appropriate cells were used to assess DNA damage and MN induction. Results: In none of the tests (MN and comet assays) significant increase compared with respective negative controls was observed. Conclusion: The fact that the compound neither induces DNA damage in various organs of mice nor is effective in the induction of MN in bone marrow cells of rats and mice is important for future genotoxicity studies of FS-1, which can be used in clinical medicine after additional testing of safety for humans

Depression can be prodromal symptom of brain diseases, but this association remains poorly studied with regards to cerebrovascular diseases. The aim of this review was to analyze the relationship between cerebrovascular diseases and depression. The objectives of the current review were: 1 – to assess the relationship between structural changes in brain and depression; 2 – to evaluate the connection between cognitive performance and cerebrovascular impairment; 3 – to assess the relationship between biological correlates of brain diseases and depression. A search of PubMed database was conducted focusing on papers published until 4th March, 2021. The following terms were used: brain diseases and depression/pathology. A depressive disorder might have relationship with structural or biological changes in the brain. However, this does not give the precise conclusion that depression definitely appears while person has cerebrovascular disease. Nevertheless, people with cerebrovascular diseases were observed to have high depression scales scores, while depression and cerebrovascular diseases had inflammation, cognitive change, or dopamine and serotonin changes in common. This is an overall limit concerning the definition of depression and cerebrovascular diseases. So, in this review we observed all the possible connections between depression and brain diseases. Depression seems to be associated with cerebrovascular changes in people. They might have structural changes in hippocampus, white matter, cortex and other parts, as well as inflammatory processes, neuromediators changes, and cognitive decline. Thus, it is essential to evaluate depressive disorders in people with brain diseases as precisely as possible.

Depression can be a prodromal symptom of brain diseases, but this association remains poorly studied with regards to cerebrovascular diseases. This review aimed to analyze the relationship between cerebrovascular diseases and depression. The objectives of the current review were: 1 – to assess the relationship between structural changes in the brain and depression; 2 – to evaluate the connection between cognitive performance and cerebrovascular impairment; 3 – to assess the relationship between biological correlates of brain diseases and depression. A search of the PubMed database was conducted focusing on papers published until 4th March 2021. The following terms were used: brain diseases and depression/pathology. A depressive disorder might have a relationship with structural or biological changes in the brain. However, this does not give the precise conclusion that depression definitely appears while a person has the cerebrovascular disease. Nevertheless, people with cerebrovascular diseases were observed to have high depression scale scores, while depression and cerebrovascular diseases had inflammation, cognitive change, or dopamine and serotonin changes in common. This is an overall limit concerning the definition of depression and cerebrovascular diseases. So, in this review, we observed all the possible connections between depression and brain diseases. Depression seems to be associated with cerebrovascular changes in people. They might have structural changes in the hippocampus, white matter, cortex, and other parts, as well as inflammatory processes, neuromediators changes, and cognitive decline. Thus, it is essential to evaluate depressive disorders in people with brain diseases as precisely as possible.