Lunotriquetral coalition (Ltc), the most frequent and often bilateral type of carpal coalition, is in general considered as asymptomatic. in rare cases -however -fibrocartilaginous Ltc may be an uncommon cause of ulnar sided pain in the wrist due to the pseudarthrosis or a post-traumatic disruption of Ltc. two rare cases of symptomatic Ltc are presented and the role of MRi is emphasized. MRi shows the pseudarthrosis and may additionally show bone marrow edema and subcortical cysts. in symptomatic cases surgical lunotriquetral fusion may be considered as treatment option.

The clinical, biochemical and magnetic resonance imaging findings of two patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis are reported. This is a rare hereditary disease. Early recognition of this entity is important in view of the existing treatment possibilities. Magnetic resonance imaging findings typically include a bilateral and almost symmetrical increase of the signal intensity on the T2-weighted images in the cerebellar and periventricular cerebral white matter, the basal ganglia, the dentate nuclei and the brainstem as well as cerebellar and cerebral atrophy.

Background: A carpal boss is a potentially painful bony mass in the region of the second or

Objectives The purpose of this agreement was to establish evidence-based consensus statements on imaging of scapholunate joint (SLJ) instability by an expert group using the Delphi technique. Methods Nineteen hand surgeons developed a preliminary list of questions on SLJ instability. Radiologists created statements based on the literature and the authors’ clinical experience. Questions and statements were revised during three iterative Delphi rounds. Delphi panellists consisted of twenty-seven musculoskeletal radiologists. The panellists scored their degree of agreement to each statement on an eleven-item numeric scale. Scores of ‘0’, ‘5’ and ‘10’ reflected complete disagreement, indeterminate agreement and complete agreement, respectively. Group consensus was defined as a score of ‘8’ or higher for 80% or more of the panellists. Results Ten of fifteen statements achieved group consensus in the second Delphi round. The remaining five statements achieved group consensus in the third Delphi round. It was agreed that dorsopalmar and lateral radiographs should be acquired as routine imaging work-up in patients with suspected SLJ instability. Radiographic stress views and dynamic fluoroscopy allow accurate diagnosis of dynamic SLJ instability. MR arthrography and CT arthrography are accurate for detecting scapholunate interosseous ligament tears and articular cartilage defects. Ultrasonography and MRI can delineate most extrinsic carpal ligaments, although validated scientific evidence on accurate differentiation between partially or completely torn or incompetent ligaments is not available. Conclusions Delphi-based agreements suggest that standardized radiographs, radiographic stress views, dynamic fluoroscopy, MR arthrography and CT arthrography are the most useful and accurate imaging techniques for the work-up of SLJ instability. Key Points • Dorsopalmar and lateral wrist radiographs remain the basic imaging modality for routine imaging work-up in patients with suspected scapholunate joint instability. • Radiographic stress views and dynamic fluoroscopy of the wrist allow accurate diagnosis of dynamic scapholunate joint instability. • Wrist MR arthrography and CT arthrography are accurate for determination of scapholunate interosseous ligament tears and cartilage defects.

Background As the face is known for its extreme variation in vascular anatomy and the number of filler‐associated complications due to intra‐arterial injection is increasing, we are in need of a method to visualize anyone’s individual arterial anatomy of the face in a completely harmless way. Aims The different medical imaging methods and a recently developed MRA protocol are reviewed. Methods The literature of the last twenty years—with special attention for the last five years—concerning the different medical imaging modalities of the facial arteries was reviewed. Results A harmless visualisation of the facial arteries is currently only possible with US or MRA. US may identify single vessels but never the complete arterial network. A combination of IR “heat enhancement” and a MRA 3D‐TOF sequence might make it feasible to visualize a large number of facial arteries in a risk‐free, radiation‐free, contrast‐free and non‐invasive way. Conclusion Currently, a new combination of IR “heat enhancement” and a MRA 3D‐TOF sequence might be the only method to visualize a large number of facial arteries.