Journal articleIFPRI3; CRP6EPTDPRCGIAR Research Program on Forest, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA

RESUMEAu Sénégal, le bassin arachidier est confronté à une réduction de la couverture végétale exposant les sols à l'érosion éolienne et hydrique, à la baisse de la fertilité des sols, à la rareté du bois de chauffe. Face à cette situation, les populations ont réagi dans le terroir de Khatre Sy avec l'appui du Projet de Reboisement Villageois du Nord Bassin Arachidier (PREVINOBA) en faisant la Régénération Naturelle Assistée (RNA). Cette étude évalue l'impact de la RNA sur le reverdissement du terroir de Khatre Sy. Les résultats d'inventaire montrent la présence de dix-sept espèces appartenant à onze familles dominées par les Combretaceae et les Balanitaceae. L'analyse de variance des paramètres structuraux indique une différence significative entre les arbres de la parcelle mise en défens et ceux des champs avec RNA pour le diamètre moyen du tronc et leur hauteur moyenne. Dans la mise en défens, la fréquence des arbres répond à une distribution en « L » décroissante, alors que, pour celle des champs avec RNA, il s'agit d'une distribution «en cloche ». L'ensemble du terroir de Khatre Sy présente une bonne capacité de régénération. La RNA a permis d'améliorer la densité des arbres dans les champs ouvrant de bonnes perspectives pour le reverdissement du bassin arachidier.

This study is a contribution to the characterization of traditional agroforestry parklands in Lower Casamance. It aims at determining the diversity of species and the tree size structure in these parklands, as well as at identifying the threats to their sustainability, in order to assist decision making on natural resource conservation. To this end, 45 plots of 50 9 50 m size were inventoried. In each plot, an exhaustive inventory of trees was performed, including species identification, height measurement and estimates of regeneration and mortality rates. Additionally, 116 stakeholders were interviewed about their management practices, the revenue they obtained from agroforestry parklands, and their opinion on the future of these parks. A total of 2739 Elaeis guineensis palm trees and 3948 trees from other species were observed in the 11.25 ha studied. Hence a relative density of 40.96 individuals of E. guineensis ha -1 . The 63 species belonged to 51 genus within 23 botanical families. The analysis of tree communities indicated a strong role of human management on the species composition of parklands, with cultural value trees near the villages and wood production trees further away, and with some sites having more trees with medicinal uses. The distribution of tree sizes of E. guineensis and estimates of mortality and regeneration rates indicated that the population of palm trees is ageing and regeneration is too low to compensate mortality. Based on interviews, palm production is decreasing in the area, and causes of decline identified by the farmers were salinization, drought, illegal cutting, and bush fires, i.e., both natural and anthropogenic causes. In view of the importance of these parklands for the local economy and food security, better management of E. guineensis parklands is required to ensure their sustainability.

This study aims to understand the agro-ecological effect of Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) on the yield of millet in the groundnut basin in Senegal. The study was conducted in three villages in the municipality of Tattaguine for two consecutive years. Methodology and Results : The methodology was to assess the performance parameters of millet in an experimental factorial block with two factors: number of stems per strain and variety of millet. Meanwhile, perception surveys were conducted with producers on the various combinations tested. The results show that the FMNR with 4 stems/strain obtained in the two years a significantly higher number of fertile ears compared to the control. The grain yield difference between control plots and plots RNA (2 stems/strain and 4 stems/strain) started from the second year. This translates to a minimum by a 41% increase in yields at the RNA plots compared to controls. Surveys show that perceptions of all producers agree that millet performs better near regenerating shrubs. The majority of them prefer to keep 1 or 2 stems/strain. Conclusion and application of results:This study provides technical arguments to local actors for a large-scale spread of RNA that has a positive share agro-ecological and secondly, if adopted will contribute to the reconstruction parkland groundnut basin.

Dynamique de la végétation ligneuse des espaces sylvo-pastoraux villageois mis en défens dans le Sud du Bassin arachidier au Sénégal B O I S E T F O R Ê T S D E S T R O P I Q U E S , 2 0 1 4 , N° 3 1 9 ( 1 ) M I SE E N DÉ FE N S / LE P OIN T SUR… RÉSUMÉ DYNAMIQUE DE LA VÉGÉTATION LIGNEUSE DES ESPACES SYLVO-PASTORAUX VILLAGEOIS MIS EN DÉFENS DANS LE SUD DU BASSIN ARACHIDIER AU SÉNÉGAL ABSTRACT DYNAMICS OF WOODY VEGETATION IN VILLAGE WOODLAND AND GRAZING RESERVES IN SOUTH SENEGAL'S GROUNDNUT BASINIn Senegal, and especially in the groundnut basins, woodlands and pastures lying between villages are being overexploited and are at risk of disappearing with the extension of croplands and uncontrolled wood-cutting for firewood and charcoal. Local populations have been attempting to counter the risk by restricting access to these lands to promote conservation and land rehabilitation. This study assesses the process of reconstitution of the vegetation in the village woodland and grazing reserves created. It was conducted in the southern groundnut basin in sites where reserves have been in place for one, five and twelve years. The results of the inventory show lower species diversity in the one year-old stands, with 27 distinct species, than in the other two age categories, where some 50 different species were found. The analysis of variance of the structural parameters shows a significant difference in the average diameter and height of trees according to the age of the three stand types. After five years, the diameter curve for the trees is L-shaped, reflecting the regular dynamics of a young tree stand, while the curve after twelve years has the characteristic bell shape of woodlands reaching a state of equilibrium. Regeneration capacities are high in all of the reserved lands, indicating good prospects for the restoration of these degraded natural woodlands.Keywords: reserved lands, woodland and grazing areas, structural characteristics, regeneration, village communities, Senegal. RESUMEN DINÁMICA DE LA VEGETACIÓN LEÑOSA DE LOS ESPACIOS SILVOPASTORILES COMUNALES VEDADOS EN EL SUR DE LA CUENCA MANISERA DE SENEGALEn Senegal, concretamente en la cuenca manisera, los espacios silvopastoriles intercomunales están sobreexplotados y amenazados de desaparición por la extensión de tierras de cultivo y las talas incontroladas para leña y carbón. Ante la amenaza de desaparición de estos espacios, las poblaciones contiguas han acometido acciones de conservación y rehabilitación de dichos espacios mediante la aplicación de una veda. Este estudio evalúa el proceso de reconstitución de la vegetación de los espacios silvopastoriles intercomunales a raíz de su protección. El estudio se realizó en el sur de la cuenca manisera, en la región de Kaolack, dentro de los sitios vedados y escalonando las edades: un año, cinco años y doce años. Los resultados del inventario muestran una baja diversidad específica, veintisiete especies distintas, en la veda de un año frente a las dos otras categorías que poseen unas cincuenta especies diferentes...