Sodium‐ion batteries (SIB) are considered as a promising alternative to overcome existing sustainability challenges related to Lithium‐ion batteries (LIB), such as the use of critical and expensive materials with high environmental impacts. In contrast to established LIBs, SIBs are an emerging technology in an early stage of development where a challenge is to identify the most promising and sustainable cathode active materials (CAM) for further research and potential commercialization. Thus, a comprehensive and flexible CAM screening method is developed, providing a fast and comprehensive overview of potential sustainability hotspots for supporting cathode material selection. 42 different SIB cathodes are screened and benchmarked against eight state‐of‐the‐art LIB‐cathodes. Potential impacts are quantified for the following categories: i) Cost as ten‐year average; ii) Criticality, based on existing raw material criticality indicators, and iii) the life cycle carbon footprint. The results reveal that energy density is one of the most important factors in all three categories, determining the overall material demand. Most SIB CAM shows a very promising performance, obtaining better results than the LIB benchmark. Especially the Prussian Blue derivatives and the manganese‐based layered oxides seem to be interesting candidates under the given prospective screening framework.

Sodium-ion batteries may develop into a cost-efficient alternative to lithium-ion batteries. Na3V2(PO4)3/C (NVP/C) is known to be a suitable electrode material for such batteries that can be used as an anode or cathode. Here, NVP/C-based electrodes were investigated in different cell configurations. The electrodes were cycled against the anode materials hard carbon, Sb/C, SnSb/C, and sodium metal. Furthermore, NVP versus NVP was investigated. When NVP/C is cycled against the other anode materials, the cells exhibit relatively poor reliability, but in NVP–NVP cells, a high cycling stability was observed and more than 1500 cycles with a capacity retention of 80% were achieved. This work demonstrates that common problems of Na and Na-ion cells result from the anode materials used and that NVP/C itself is very reliable both as an anode and cathode material.

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