The synthesis and characterization of selected nitrogen‐rich salts based on 5‐(1,2,4‐triazol‐C‐yl)tetrazoles and their 1‐hydroxy‐tetrazole analogues is presented. The combination with guanidinium, triaminoguanidinium, and hydroxylammonium cations leads to enhanced performance and sensitivities. The main focus of this work is on the energetic properties of those ionic derivatives in comparison to the neutral compounds. Additionally, the positive influence of the introduction of N‐oxides in energetic materials is shown. Structural characterization was accomplished by means of Raman, IR, and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. The standard enthalpies of formation were calculated for selected compounds at the CBS‐4M level of theory, the detonation parameters were calculated using the EXPLO5.05 program. Additionally, thermal stability was measured via DSC and sensitivities against impact, friction, and electrostatic discharge were determined.

In the area of solid rocket propellants, research efforts are ongoing to find suitable oxidizers as ammonium perchlorate (AP) replacements. On the one hand, AP's performance data are excellent; on the other hand, AP and its combustion products lead to health and environmental issues. Herein, the nitraminodiacetic acid bis(2,2,2-trinitroethyl ester) (NABTNE) is presented as a green AP alternative and is compared to the bis(trinitroethyl ester) of malonic acid (MaBTNE). Simple syntheses based on economic starting materials furnished both compounds, with NABTNE having a positive oxygen balance (according to CO), a density of 1.84 g cm −3 (@T = −118 °C), and a decomposition point of 180 °C. The density of MaBTNE (δ = 1.81 g cm −3 @T = −147 °C) and the thermal stability (T dec = 157 °C) are also advantageous. NABTNE as a moderately sensitive and the most promising derivative was shown to be of good stability toward long-term storage. Moreover, mixtures for a potential application in solid rocket formulations were calculated using EXPLO5 (V 6.03).

No abstract