The impact of environmental music on consumption was discussed and the "arousal" hypothesis and the negative effect of loud music on social interaction were used to explain our results.

Changes in coping over the lifespan reflect the effectiveness with which a person's adaptive processes deal with age-associated changes in self-referred beliefs and environment perception.

Emergency workers are exposed to chronic and acute emotionally demanding stressors. Fortunately, they have some important psychological resources that can buffer the negative effects deriving from the exposure to occupational stressors. In particular, job, organizational, and family support can protect rescuers against negative health effects, such as burnout and vicarious traumatization (VT). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of perceived social support as a protective factor against negative outcomes in a sample of Italian rescuers. Of the present sample (N ϭ 782), 70.3% were ambulance operators, mainly volunteers (65.9%). They filled in a paper-and-pencil questionnaire aimed at investigating VT, burnout, job support from colleagues and superiors, organizational support in terms of affective commitment, and family support. Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses verified the influence exerted by affective commitment and social support on well-being dimensions. Results showed that affective commitment has the most significant influence on all burnout and VT dimensions, whereas family support has the weakest influence. Our findings confirm that affective commitment is an important coping resource that protects individuals against negative effects and that social support at work is associated with some dimensions of burnout and posttraumatic symptoms. The main result of the present study concerns the important role of affective commitment as a protective resource against negative psychological effects. Therefore, work environments organized in a way that employees can feel affectively committed to their organization may function as a buffer against negative outcomes, especially if it is associated with a strong social support from colleagues.

Purpose -The purpose of this study is to test a model of the relations between positive and negative work-to-home interference home-to-work interference on perceived stress, and job satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach -The mediating role of negative and positive work-to-home interference (WHI) and home-to-work interference (HWI) was examined. Perceived stress as a mediator was also tested. Data were obtained from a sample of 283 French employees. Findings -The results of structural equation modeling indicated that perceived stress partially mediated the relationship between negative or positive work-home/home-work interference and job satisfaction. The implications and methodological limitations are discussed. Practical implications -The study suggests the importance of studying relationships between work life and home life in organizational policies. Current research suggests that employee commitment is particularly high in organizations that have work-life balance policies. Originality/value -How home and work are related to perceived stress and job satisfaction is thus a crucial issue. In addition to the results reported here, the study conveys the complexity of the positive and negative relationships between the work domain and the home domain in a sample of French employees.