In Brazil, since 2015, co-circulation of three arboviruses, Dengue (DENV), Chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV), have presented diagnostic challenges, due to their similar clinical manifestations. Our goal was to analyze cases of arboviral illness using key clinical features and to ascertain house infestation indices (HII) in the study area. A total of 28,064 medical records were analyzed by clinical-epidemiological criteria for DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV in 2015 and 2016 at the public health unit in Xerem, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro. The collection of vectors at home breeding sites in Xerem was performed to determine the HII, in March and June 2015. The total number of cases of suspected arboviral illness in 2015 was 969, of which 444 (45.8%) were due to DENV, 146 (15.1%) to ZIKV, and 11 (1.1%) to CHIKV. In 2016, the number of suspected cases of arboviral illness was 2019, of which 324 (16.0%) were classified as DENV, 779 (38.6%) as ZIKV, and 53 (2.60%) as CHIKV. The clinical manifestations prevalent in ZIKV were rash (67.8% to 79.5%) and pruritus (63.7% to 71.4%). The HII for the immature stages of Aedes in the study area, in March and June 2015, was 11.8% for Ae. aegypti and 8.1% for Ae. albopictus, both very high. There was a strong positive correlation observed for precipitation and HII for both vectors (Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus), but not for temperature levels. We conclude that a triple epidemic occurred in the studied area probably due to the high infestation rates and a naive population for the two newly introduced arboviruses; whilst there are no available specific laboratory tests a practical clinical diagnosis workout is crucial.

This work describes the design and analysis of a 4 × 4 Butler matrix for applications in the 60 GHz unlicensed frequency band. Each of the constitutive blocks that make up the network -hybrid coupler, crossover, and phase shifter -were designed to be compatible with metallic-nanowire-filled membrane manufacturing process and optimized separately. Simulations were conducted using Ansys HFSS and improvements to the devices' behaviours were achieved through parametric analysis.A complete design was obtained by connecting all primary devices and each output port was connected to a series patch antenna array. The complete Butler matrix analysis revealed a device that produces the expected phase distribution and radiation at the desired angles.