Bloqueio de plexo braquial em um bugio-ruivo (Alouatta guariba): relato de caso [Brachial plexus

The aim of this study was to evaluate the immediate effects of 0.05% brilliant blue on corneal endothelium of horses. Thirty-eight corneas of 19 horses, male or female, of different ages were studied. Corneas were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1: Corneal endothelium was covered with 0.3mL of brilliant blue 0.05% for 60 seconds followed by rinsing with a balanced salt solution. Group 2: Corneal endothelium was covered with BSS for 60 seconds. The corneas were excised with an 8mm trephine and prepared to analyze posterior endothelial surface using a light microscope (24 corneas) and a scanning electron microscope (14 corneas). The equine posterior corneal endothelium surface observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed a continuous layer of polygonal cells of uniform size and shape in both the control and treatment groups. Due to non-normal residuals at ANOVA mean comparison, a generalized linear model was utilized at 5% level of significance. The chi-square test stated that treatment and control group were not different statistically. The 0.05% brilliant blue did not cause damage to equine corneal endothelium.

A ováriohisterectomia (OVH) é a cirurgia realizada com maior frequência em pequenos animais, sendo a esterilização eletiva sua indicação mais comum. Em felinos, têm sido realizados por laparotomia, laparoscopia ou laparoscopia híbrida. Neste estudo, avaliou-se 30 gatas, adultas, hígidas, sem raça definida, com peso entre 2 e 4,5 kg. Os animais foram distribuídos em três grupos. No primeiro grupo os animais foram submetidos a OVH por acesso laparoscópico; no segundo grupo o acesso foi laparoscópico híbrido e no terceiro grupo a OVH foi realizada pela técnica convencional (celiotomia mediana). Estes grupos foram avaliados com relação ao tempo cirúrgico e o tempo de procedimento, ao tamanho das incisões e às complicações durante e após a cirurgia. Também foram comparadas as alterações nas concentrações séricas de creatina quinase (CK) e aspartato aminotransferase (AST). Com relação ao tempo cirúrgico o segundo grupo apresentou tempo significativamente maior que os demais. Quanto ao tempo de procedimento operatório o terceiro grupo apresentou tempo menor. O tamanho de incisão foi maior no terceiro grupo. As complicações encontradas no trans-operatório foram enfisema subcutâneo (incidência maior no segundo grupo) e permanência dos cornos uterinos após secção do corpo uterino, com maior número de animais no terceiro grupo. A laparoscopia híbrida apresentou maior concentração de CK. Demais parâmetros não diferiram significativamente entre os acessos laparoscópicos e convencional. Concluiu-se que para o procedimento de OVH em felinos a cirurgia totalmente laparoscópica apresentou vantagens quando comparada a OVH híbrida e convencional, com relação às avaliações realizadas no trans e pós-operatório.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of ropivacaine hydrochloride on the corneal endothelium of horses. Forty-eight eyes were obtained from a commercial slaughterhouse and were randomly divided into three groups. In group A, the corneal endothelium was exposed to 0.75% ropivacaine hydrochloride for 60 seconds. In group B, the corneal endothelium was exposed to 0.75% ropivacaine hydrochloride for 15 minutes. In group C, the corneal endothelium was exposed to a balanced saline solution for 60 seconds. Afterwards, all samples were prepared for evaluation with scanning electron microscopy. Random electromicrographs were obtained from each sample. The images were analysed and, with the aid of software, areas with no endothelial cells were measured. The average endothelial loss, expressed as a percentage in relation to the total area, of the samples in group A was 5.28%. The average endothelial loss of samples from group B, expressed as a percentage in relation to the total area, was 20.39%. The damage to the corneal endothelium was significantly greater in group B compared to groups A and C. It was possible to conclude that 0.75% ropivacaine hydrochloride induced acute damage to corneal endothelium cells.

A miniature pig was examined because of left pelvic limb lameness after falling from a short height. Clinical examination and radiographs of the pelvic region revealed a left caudoventral hip luxation. Surgical reduction of luxation was performed on the patient under general anesthesia using a transarticular pinning technique. Postoperative radiographs confirmed that the luxation was reduced, the joint was aligned, and the transarticular pinning was correct. The transarticular pin was removed 21 days after it was surgically inserted. The limb was fully functional in the immediate postoperative period. Nine months after the surgery, the patient could use the limb properly, but mild degenerative joint disease was observed via radiographic follow-up. This technique may be a viable treatment option for the repair of caudoventral hip luxation in miniature pigs.