RESUMOA psicologia passa no momento atual por uma importante mudança de paradigma teórico e conceitual. Essa mudança ficou bastante marcada na década de 90, considerada a "década do cérebro", quando aumentaram significativamente o número de estudos em comportamento que baseavam-se no funcionamento do cérebro. O mainstream das ciências do comportamento retornou à noção monista materialista de que cérebro e comportamento estão intrinsecamente interligados. Essa noção saiu dos laboratórios de pesquisa básica e chegou com força nas pesquisas aplicadas à psicopatologia e à psicoterapia. A presente revisão narrativa tem como principal objetivo traçar um panorama atual desse empreendimento científico, com ênfase nos esforços feitos dentro das áreas da psicopatologia e da psicologia clínica. Ao final, discute-se até que ponto essa mudança de paradigma pode chegar na prática profissional do psicólogo.Palavras-chave psicologia clínica; psicopatologia; neurociências; psiquiatria; neurologia; marcadores biológicos. ABSTRACTPsychology faces nowadays for a major change of theoretical and conceptual paradigm. This change was quite marked in the 90s, which was considered the "decade of the brain" when the number of behavioral studies based on brain functioning significantly increased. The mainstream of the behavioral sciences returned to the monistic materialistic notion that the brain and behavior are inextricably intertwined. This idea came out of basic research laboratories and influenced strongly in applied research in psychopathology and psychotherapy. This narrative review aims to draw up a current view of the scientific enterprise, with emphasis on efforts within the areas of clinical psychology and psychopathology. It is also discussed to what extent this paradigm shift can reach the professional practice of psychology. Keywords
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