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Padina australis has bioactive compounds as antimicrobials in the form of phenols and their derivatives (flavonoids) which can inhibit the growth of bacteria that interfere with the function of the cytoplasmic membrane and can prevent spoilage and damage by microorganisms. This research was conducted from October to November 2022 at the Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, Nusa Cendana University, Kupang. The purpose of this study was to determine how many doses of Padina australis were effective in treating skin, gill and liver tissue damage of cantang grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus lanceolatus) exposed to detergent. The method used is an experiment with a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments used were control without detergent and Padina australis, 0.25g/l detergent and treatment with Padina australis with doses of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%. The fish used was grouper cantang (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus lanceolatus) with a size of 8-9 cm. Treatment was done by soaking the fish for 10 minutes with the extract for 3 consecutive days. The fish were then fixed with 95% alcohol solution for further histology. The results showed that the administration of Padina autralis effect on changes in the histology of the skin, gill, and liver of cantang grouper. Changes that occur in the skin in the form of degeneration of vacuoles, in the gill lamellae hemorrhage occurs and the liver undergoes vacuole degeneration and necrosis. The best dose is found in the 1.5% treatment but it has not been effective in treating liver tissue.

Sea cucumber has an ecological function as an organic decomposer in sediment and nutrient producer within a food chain. In addition, sea cucumber has also economic values as fisheries and trade commodities. The pupose of this research was to investigate diversity of sea cucumber in the Sabu Raijua waters, East Nusa Tenggara Province. Samples were collected from Sabu Raijua waters in July -August 2014 using transect quadrant of 1x1 m2 during the lowest low tide in daytime at 13:00-16:00 and nighttime at 18.00-22.00 Central Standar Local Time. Data analyses on the sea cucumber were based on composition, density, distribution, and eating habits. The results showed that there were 8 species that can be classified into 3 families i.e., the Holothuridae (Holothuria nobilis, Holothuria scabra, Holothuria atra, Holothuria edulis, Holothuria impatiens, and Holothuria leucospilato); the Actinopyga (Actinopyga lecanora); and the Bohadshia (Bohadschia argus). The density of Holothuria nobilis was 5.651 individual/m2, Holothuria atra of 4.409 individual/m2, Holothuria scabra of 3.294 individual/m2; Holothuria edulis of 3.102 individual/m2; Bahaschia argus of 2.102 individual/m2; Holothuria mexicana of 2.088 individual/m2; Holothuria impatiens of 2.044 individual/m2; and Actinopyga lecanora of 1.037 individual/m2. Of these sea cucumber species, 17.3% were distributed on sandy substrate and 82.7% on seagrass and coral subtsrates. All sea cucumber species have a posi-tive association with its environment indicating that the water quality was still in a good condition.   Keywords: sea cucumber, association, diversity, composition, distribution

<p><em>Sea cucumber has an ecological function as an organic decomposer in sediment and nutrient producer within a food chain. In addition, sea cucumber has also economic values as fisheries and trade commodities. The pupose of this research was </em><em>to investigate diversity of sea cucumber</em><em> in the Sabu Raijua waters, East Nusa Tenggara Province. </em><em>Samples were collected from Sabu Raijua waters in July -August 2014 using transect quadrant of 1x1 m² during the lowest low tide in daytime at 13:00-16:00 and nighttime at 18.00-22.00 Central Standar Local Time. Data analyses on the sea cucumber were based on composition, density, distribution, and eating habits. The results showed that there were 8 species that can be classified into 3 families i.e., the Holothuridae </em><em>(<span style="text-decoration: underline;">Holothuria</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">nobilis</span>, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Holothuria</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">scabra</span>, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Holothuria</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">atra</span>, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Holothuria</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">edulis</span>, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Holothuria</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">impatiens</span>, and <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Holothuria</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">leucospilato</span>); </em><em>the Actinopyga (<span style="text-decoration: underline;">A</span></em><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">ctinopyga</span></em><em> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">lecanora</span>);</em><em> and the Bohadshia (<span style="text-decoration: underline;">Bohadschia</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">argus</span>).</em><em> The d</em><em>ensity of <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Holothuria</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">nobilis</span> was 5.651 individual/m², <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Holothuria</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">atra</span> of 4.409 individual/m², <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Holothuria</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">scabra</span> of 3.294 individual/m²; <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Holothuria</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">edulis</span> of 3.102 individual/m²; <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Bahaschia</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">argus</span> of 2.102 individual/m²; <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Holothuria</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">mexicana</span> of 2.088 individual/m²; <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Holothuria</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">impatiens</span> of 2.044 individual/m²; and <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Actinopyga</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">lecanora</span> of 1.037 individual/m². Of these sea cucumber species, 17.3% were distributed on sandy substrate and 82.7% on seagrass and coral subtsrates. All sea cucumber species have a posi-tive association with its environment indicating that the water quality was still in a good condition.</em><em> </em></p> <p> </p> <strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: sea cucumber, association, diversity, composition, distribution</em>