Les nouvelles restrictions environnementales poussent les constructeurs automobiles à s'intéresser aux cycles à détente prolongée et à laisser de côté le classique cycle de Beau de Rochas. Le cycle de Miller fait partie de cette famille de cycle et peut s'appliquer simplement aux moteurs à allumage commandé en modifiant le diagramme de fermeture des soupapes d'admission. Le moteur effectue une détente plus importante que la phase de compression effective. La millérisation d'un moteur se fait en augmentant la taille de celui-ci et en fermant les soupapes d'admission en avance. L'instant de fermeture est choisi de manière à suivre la même phase de compression effective que le moteur de référence. Cette démarche est connue sous le nom de « rightsizing ». Ce papier décrit une approche zéro dimensionnelle pour estimer les bénéfices obtenus par la millérisation d'un moteur de référence. Le modèle comprend un sous modèle de transfert thermique, basé sur la corrélation du coefficient de convection de Woschni, ainsi qu'un sous modèle de frottements qui permet de prendre en compte l'effet d'une augmentation de la taille. La fermeture prématurée des soupapes d'admission du cycle de Miller tend à réduire l'intensité des mouvements aérodynamiques internes au cylindre, le niveau de turbulence en fin de compression est donc réduit. Ce phénomène augmente la durée de combustion et affecte le rendement. Un modèle de turbulence K-k-ε est utilisé pour estimer l'intensité de la turbulence en fin de compression. Une relation entre la durée de combustion et la turbulence est proposé. Pour le moteur de référence, les gains obtenus par millérisation permettent l'augmentation d'un point de rendement, correspondant à une amélioration d'efficacité d'environ 3%, valeur très significative pour un rendement. ABSTRACT. New environmental regulations are encouraging automakers to focus on over-expanded cycles and to set aside the classic Otto cycle. The Miller cycle is part of this family of cycles and can be applied to spark ignition engines easily by modifying the intake valve closing event. The engine expands more than the actual compression phase. The millerization of an engine is done by increasing the size of the engine and closing the intake valves in advance. The closing time is chosen to follow the same effective compression phase as the reference engine. This process is known as "rightsizing". This paper describes a zero-dimensional approach to estimate the benefits obtained by millerization of a reference engine. The model includes a heat transfer sub-model, based on the Woschni coefficient, as well as a friction sub-model that allows us to take into account the effect of an increase in size. Premature closure of the intake valves in the Miller cycle tends to reduce the intensity of aerodynamic movements within the cylinder, so the level of turbulence at the end of compression is reduced. This phenomenon increases combustion duration and affects efficiency. A K-k-ε turbulence model is used to estimate the intensity of turbulence at the...
This paper aims to study the internal aerodynamics of a Miller cycle gasoline engine. This cycle uses an over-expanded stroke to recover more work, for the same amount of fuel, than the classical Otto cycle. To achieve this, the effective compression stroke is made smaller than the expansion one by closing the intake valves prematurely. The in-cylinder tumble flow then stops being driven by the valve jet before the piston reaches the bottom dead center, which disturbs the movement. The flow is observed here on a motored single-cylinder transparent engine coupled to a dual-PIV system. This system allows two velocity fields per engine cycle to be measured. The temporal evolution of the flow structures could thus be followed, while keeping the high number of instantaneous fields measured by the traditional PIV systems. The data are then well adapted to statistical analysis. A clustering analysis method, using the k-means algorithm and adapted to dual-PIV data, is described here. The first part presents a method defining a criterion on the instantaneous center of rotation of the tumble motion that can improve the rotation rates by 17%. A second analysis classifies the velocity fields into three groups of strong, medium and weak rotation intensity. The evolution of the characteristic quantities of each group shows that the movements with high rotation rates, created upstream of the compression phase, can give high turbulence rates close to the top dead center of the piston.
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