Objective : to identify the main risk factors associated with the development of complications in patients with acute appendicitis. Methods: we conducted a case-control study of 402 patients with acute appendicitis hospitalized in a secondary hospital, divided into two groups: the control group, with 373 patients who progressed without postoperative complications (Group 1) and the study group, with 29 patients who presented complications (Group 2). We evaluated demographic data, signs and symptoms of the disease, imaging tests and hospitalization data. Results: factors associated with complications were fever, radiological and sonographic changes, abrupt positive decompression and diarrhea. Migration of pain, nausea, vomiting and abrupt positive decompression were the findings that were significantly more frequent in both groups (p = 0.05). The duration of signs and symptoms in days in group 2 was significantly higher than in group 1, with a median of three days for the group with complications (p = 0.05). Conclusion: alterations in imaging, fever, diarrhea, positive abrupt decompression, duration of symptoms and lower age are associated with a higher frequency of complications in acute appendicitis, which reinforces the importance of anamnesis, physical examination and indication of complementary exams in the approach of these patients.
In a current scenario where trauma injury and its consequences account for 9% of the worlds causes of death, the management of non-compressible torso hemorrhage can be problematic. With the improvement of medicine, the approach of these patients must be accurate and immediate so that the consequences may be minimal. Therefore, aiming the ideal method, studies have led to the development of Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA). This procedure has been used at select trauma centers as a resuscitative adjunct for trauma patients with non-compressible torso hemorrhage. Although the use of this technique is increasing, its effectiveness is still not clear. This article aims, through a detailed review, to inform an updated view about this procedure, its technique, variations, benefits, limitations and future.
RESUMO A oclusão ressuscitativa por balão endovascular da aorta (REBOA) é utilizada para controlar hemorragias não compressíveis do tronco como uma opção menos invasiva e com menos distúrbios fisiológicos quando comparado à toracotomia de emergência com clampeamento da aorta. Isso permite a melhora dos parâmetros hemodinâmicos até que a cirurgia definitiva seja realizada. É utilizada no trauma como uma medida para prevenir o colapso hemodinâmico em pacientes que estão em choque hemorrágico grave, mantendo a perfusão do cérebro e do coração enquanto diminui o sangramento distal até que o controle da hemorragia possa ser realizado. As principais complicações relatadas são insuficiência renal aguda, amputações de membros inferiores e óbitos. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a expansão do uso do REBOA em situações não traumáticas de outras áreas da medicina, assim como, avaliar os resultados obtidos até o momento. Uma pesquisa online do PubMed, Medline e SciELO foi realizada com o termo "REBOA" nos últimos cinco anos, e os artigos incluídos foram os 14 que descrevem especificamente o uso do REBOA para condições não traumáticas. Os resultados sugerem que o uso do REBOA levou a um melhor controle do sangramento e aumento da pressão arterial, reduzindo a necessidade de transfusão de sangue e permitindo que os pacientes sobrevivam ao tratamento definitivo das lesões. Concluindo, o uso expandido do REBOA para emergências não traumáticas parece ser eficaz, mas estudos prospectivos e protocolos bem estabelecidos devem ser desenvolvidos para maximizar os resultados.
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