A method for rapid determination of phenolic compounds by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), using a new column of faster resolution was validated and used to characterize commercial products produced with new grape Brazilian varieties of Northeast of Brazil. The in vitro antioxidant activity was also measured. The method showed linearity (R>0.9995), good precision (CV%<2.78), recovery (91.8-105.1%) and limits of detection (0.04-0.85mgL) and quantification (0.04-1.41mgL) according to other methods previously published with the difference of a run time of only 25min. The results obtained in the characterization of the samples differed for juices and wines from other world regions, mainly because of the high values of (-)-epigallocatechin and trans-caftaric acid. The products analyzed showed high antioxidant activity, especially the wine samples with values higher than those from wines of different regions of the world.
The present work had the objective of producing liqueurs from mango peels (varieties “Haden” and “Tommy Atkins”) by processes of alcoholic maceration and maceration with pectinase, as well as to evaluate bioactive compounds by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and fluorescence-detection (RP-HPLC/DAD/FD) and in vitro antioxidant activity (AOX), for by-product potential reuse. Alcoholic maceration in wine ethanol (65% v/v) produced liqueurs with higher phytochemical and AOX content. Maceration with pectinase resulted in liqueurs with higher quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside content. In relation to mango varieties, Haden liqueurs presented higher bioactive content than Tommy Atkins liqueurs. The liqueurs presented high antioxidant activity. The main bioactive compounds found were flavanols (epicatechin-gallate, epigallocatechin-gallate), flavonols (quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside and rutin), and phenolic acids (gallic acid, o-coumaric acid, and syringic acid). The present study showed that the production of liqueur enabled the recovering of an important part of the bioactive content of mango peels, suggesting an alternative for the recovery of antioxidant substances from this by-product.
In vitro techniques are essential to assess the antioxidant potential of foods, although methods with different action mechanisms make troublesome data analysis. This article describes the use of artificial neural network (ANN) to associate phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity in vitro (AOX) of grape juices. A multilayer perceptron (MLP) ANN was obtained with 28 phenolics quantified, as input layers, and AOX measuring by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, H 2 O 2 , and β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching assay (βCLA) methods, as output layers. To improve discussion in food sciences, the ANN results were compared with Pearson's correlation and principal component analysis (PCA), methods largely used in food studies. Pearson's technique showed correlations between antioxidant methods and some of the phenolic compounds, but with limitations. PCA proved to be a more powerful method than Pearson's correlation, as it positively associated 13 phenolics with four out of five antioxidant methods. The MLP-ANN allowed simultaneous association of 19 individual phenolics, while a single hidden layer predicted 15 phenolics with simultaneous action in all AOX methods. The power of association was: ANN > PCA > Pearson. It was evidenced that ANN is a powerful tool for screening antioxidants in different AOX systems, which is applicable in health interests.
RESUMO O desenvolvimento industrial trouxe consigo a geração de resíduos, que demandam cada vez mais soluções para acondicionamento e destinação final. A biomassa corresponde a uma energia renovável, ela é encontrada principalmente nos resíduos, em diversas atividades em especial nas indústrias madeireira e alimentícia. Dentre as indústrias alimentícias, a indústria de beneficiamento de açaí, teve um grande crescimento, impulsionado pela enorme procura de derivados do produto. As indústrias de açaí tem como principal resíduo sólido do processo produtivo as sementes de açaí, geradas em grande quantidade e que atualmente são aproveitadas para diversas finalidades dentre elas a geração de energia térmica. Esse processo ocorre por meio de combustão direta na caldeira flamotubular que fornece energia térmica para os pasteurizadores e tanque de mistura. Para o presente estudo foi realizada coleta e análise imediata do teor de umidade das sementes, balanço de massa e energia da caldeira e mix energético entre os dois combustíveis, com intuito de apontar se seria mais vantajosa a substituição parcial ou total da lenha pelas sementes de açaí. Os resultados mostraram que as sementes de açaí coletadas tem desempenho energético superior ao da lenha, possuem um baixo teor de umidade (12%), poder calorífico inferior de 17896,42 kJ/kg e liberam entalpia de saída de vapor de 3490,21 KJ/kg, podendo substituir o combustível lenha integralmente, fornecendo maior quantidade de energia para os pasteurizadores e tanque de mistura, dessa forma auxiliando no processo produtivo e interrompendo os gastos com a aquisição de lenha.
O abacaxi é uma das frutas mais cultivadas e apreciadas no Brasil, de modo que junto com o aumento do seu processamento, vem o aumento de seus resíduos que na maioria dos casos são descartados, apesar de possuírem nutrientes relevantes. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar o aproveitamento da casca do abacaxi do Submédio do Vale do São Francisco para a obtenção de óleo ou extratos com capacidade antioxidante por meio do emprego de técnicas de extração a baixa pressão como o sistema Soxhlet, maceração e extração assistida por ultrassom, utilizando solventes orgânicos de diferentes polaridades. Posteriormente foi verificado o rendimento dos extratos obtidos, a extração com etanol apresentou melhor resultado. Para o teor de fenólicos totais (TFT) destacou-se a técnica de maceração com 12723,52 mg/g, e para determinar a atividade antioxidante (AA), foram utilizados os radicais ABTS e DPPH, com resultados respectivos de 0,04084 e 0,03859 mMTrolx/g pelo método de maceração com etanol. Com isso pode-se concluir que a casca do abacaxi pode ser uma matéria-prima de significativo potencial na elaboração de extrato com características antioxidantes.
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