Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is a biodegradable and thermoprocessable biopolymer, making it a promising candidate for applications in tissue engineering. In the present study a structural characterization and in vitro evaluation were performed on PHB scaffolds produced by additive manufacturing via selective laser sintering (SLS), followed by post-printing functionalization with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) and its C-terminal sequence OGP(10-14). The PHB scaffolds were characterized, including their morphology, porosity, thermal and mechanical properties, moreover OGP release. The results showed that SLS technology allowed the sintering of the PHB scaffolds with a hierarchical structure with interconnected pores and intrinsic porosity (porosity of 55.8 ± 0.7% and pore size in the 500-700 μm range), and good mechanical properties. Furthermore, the SLS technology did not change thermal properties of PHB polymer. The OGP release profile showed that PHB scaffold promoted a controlled release above 72 h. In vitro assays using rat bone marrow stem cells showed good cell viability/proliferation in all the PHB scaffolds. Additionally, SEM images suggested advanced morphological differentiation in the groups containing osteogenic growth peptide. The overall results demonstrated that PHB biopolymer is potential candidate for 3D printing via SLS technology, moreover the OGP-containing PHB scaffolds showed ability to sustain cell growth to support tissue formation thereby might be considered for tissue-engineering applications.

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Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) 3D porous cubes were successfully built with Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), one of the many existing 3D printing technologies. The resulting cubes presented shape and dimensions very close to the corresponding virtual model. Moreover, they were resistant to handling without presenting any visible damage. The PHB powder did not present variation in thermal properties and chemical composition after 32.15 hours of SLS process as observed by proton nuclear resonance ( 1 H NMR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, indicating that it can be re-utilized to print additional structures without affecting the reproducibility of the process.

RESUMOPrototipagem rápida (PR) é uma expressão que designa um conjunto de tecnologias que tem em comum a construção de protótipos físicos a partir de seus análogos virtuais. A construção camada a camada permite a obtenção de formas de alta complexidade, não possíveis de serem obtidas por técnicas convencionais de usinagem, baseadas em subtração de material. Um resumo sobre PR e suas aplicações na área da saúde é apresentado. Menção especial é dedicada ao PROMED (Prototipagem Rápida na Medicina) -um projeto de cunho social que realiza pesquisa e desenvolvimento envolvendo aplicações de PR na área médica e que difunde no Brasil e no exterior os benefícios trazidos pela PR no planejamento e ensaio cirúrgico e, também, na construção de implantes de alto desempenho anatômico. Também é feita uma revisão bibiográfica acerca da aplicação de SLS -Selective Laser Sintering -em scaffolds para engenharia tecidual e das mais recentes tecnologias de prototipagem direta em metal para construção de implantes personalizados. Finalmente são apresentados resultados preliminares de experimentos para construção de scaffods com o biomaterial PHB -poli (hidroxi butirato) e nylon usando um equipamento SLS. Palavras chaves: Scaffolds, engenharia tecidual, prototipagem rápida, SLS, PHB Building tissue engineering Scaffolds utilizing rapid prototyping ABSTRACTRapid Prototyping (RP) is an expression that is used for defining a set of technologies that have as a common characteristic the building of 3D physical prototypes, layer-by-layer, from their analogue virtual prototypes. The layer-by-layer building approach allows obtaining high complex shapes which cannot be obtained by the current most usual technologies based on material subtraction. A brief review about RP and its applications in the health domain is presented. A special mention is dedicated to the PROMED (PR in Medicine) -a non-profit research, development and knowledge diffusion project -focused on RP applied to medicine. Also it is reviewed the application of SLS -Selective Laser Sintering -for tissue engineering scaffolds and the most recent technologies for direct metal prototyping for building metal customized implants. Finally it is shown preliminary results of experiments to build scaffolds with PHB poly (hidroxy butirate) and nylon utilizing a SLS machine.

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