ABSTRACT

Abstract:The Annonaceae family consists of ~135 genera with diverse species and a large number of chemical compounds arising from the secondary metabolism. However, the chemical composition of the essential oil of several species of the family such as Cardiopetalum calophyllum has not been completely determined. The leaves of Cardiopetalum calophyllum (Annonaceae) were collected during different months of the year, between 5:00 and 8:00 h in the morning, to determine the chemical composition of essential oils. In this study, the essential oils extracted from the leaves of C. calophyllum, collected in typical areas of the Cerrado of Goiás, were characterized. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation for 4 h using a Clevenger apparatus. The chemical analysis was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the constituents were identified by comparing the spectra and retention index obtained with those available in the literature. The chemical analyses showed high concentrations of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. The antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the essential oil of C. calophyllum are described for the first time in this work.Keywords: Cardiopetalum calophyllum; essential oil; sesquiterpenes. ResumoA família Annonaceae é constituída por cerca de 135 gêneros, com uma diversidade extensa de espécies com grande quantidade de compostos químicos diversificados, advindos do metabolismo secundário. Entretanto, as informações sobre a composição química de óleo essencial de várias espécies da família ainda são incipientes, como é o caso da Cardiopetalum calophyllum. As folhas de Cardiopetalum calophyllum (Annonaceae) foram coletadas durante diferentes meses do ano, entre as 05:00 e 08:00 h da manhã, para determinação da composição química dos óleos essenciais. O trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar quimicamente o óleo essencial extraído de folhas da C. calophyllum, coletadas em áreas típicas do Cerrado goiano. A extração do óleo essencial se deu pelo método de hidrodestilação em aparelho de Clevenger por um período de 4 horas. A análise química do óleo essencial foi realizada por cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG-EM) e a identificação dos constituintes pela comparação dos espectros obtidos com os espectros disponíveis na literatura e pelo cálculo do índice de retenção. As atividades antioxidante, antibacteriana e antifúngica do óleo essencial de folhas de C. Calophyllum estão sendo descritas pela primeira vez neste trabalho.Palavras-chave: Cardiopetalum calophyllum; óleo essencial; sesquiterpenos.

Abstract Essential oils, which may be extracted from several parts of plants, have different biological activities. The Brazilian Cerrado has a large variety of plants that yield essential oils, even though many have not been studied yet. Taking into account the biodiversity of this biome, this study aimed at evaluating the antiproliferative activity of essential oils extracted from three species of plants of the Cerrado in Goiás state: Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg, Protium ovatum (Engl. in Mart.) and Cardiopetalum calophyllum (Schltdl.). Essential oils were extracted from both C. adamantium and C. calophyllum leaves and from P. ovatum leaves and green fruits by hydrodistillation carried out by a Clevenger-type apparatus. The chemical composition of the essential oils was determined by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The following major chemical constituents were identified in the essential oils under investigation: β-myrcene (62.00%), spathulenol (28.78%), germacrene-B (18.27%), β-caryophyllene oxide (16.40%), β-caryophyllene (14.00%), α-pinene (11.30%), viridiflorol (9.99%), limonene (7.30%) and (Z,E)-pharnesol (6.51%). The antiproliferative activity was evaluated in different human tumor cell lines: breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) and glioblastoma (M059J). A normal human cell line was included (GM07492A, lung fibroblasts). Results showed that essential oils from C. adamantium leaves got the lowest values of IC50 in all strains of tumor cells under evaluation. They were significantly lower than the ones of the normal cell line, an evidence of selectivity. It is worth mentioning that this is the first report of the antiproliferative activity of essential oils from C. adamantium , P. ovatum and C. calophyllum against human tumor cells.

Campomanesia adamantium is a native fruit species of the Cerrado and is used in food and