The challenge of developing country governments in municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is complex, often ineffective, and does not meet the required technical sustainability, which involves environmental, social, and financial aspects. The purpose of this research is to analyze two distinct waste management systems, in São Leopoldo (Brazil) and in Zurich (Switzerland), to develop a tool called “waste stream mapping” and also to compare the cities systems. The results show positively that the two municipalities have selective waste collection, however in São Leopoldo it was found that less volume was reinserted in the production chain, which considerably increases the volume of waste sent to sanitary landfill, which is the main method of disposal in Brazil. On the other hand, the Zurich management model is more expensive, especially compared to incineration, but its billing and power trading system ends up involving more of the population and paying for the operations, as Zurich generates more income than expenses. This study shows that each stage of waste management has its peculiarity and everything should be planned. The tool adapted from Value Stream Mapping has shown that it is useful to have a broad vision about the municipal solid waste management to be implemented.
Resumo O manuseio de resíduos eletroeletrônicos (REEE), se executado de forma inadequada, possui grande potencial para causar severos danos ao meio ambiente e à saúde dos trabalhadores que executam estas tarefas. A identificação e avaliação de riscos ambientais, de saúde e segurança do trabalhador são ferramentas essenciais para prevenir acidentes e garantir um ambiente saudável. Embora no país exista extensa legislação acerca do assunto, não há por parte das empresas recicladoras, o reconhecimento e tratamento necessário dos riscos associados a estas atividades. Este trabalho, desta forma, propõe uma metodologia de levantamento e análise de riscos ambientais e de saúde e segurança ocupacional com o intuito de auxiliar as organizações na tomada de decisão, priorizando os riscos mais graves. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos impactos ambientais e dos riscos ocupacionais classificados como significativos estão relacionados às atividades de produção (processos de triagem e desmontagem de REEE). Contudo, o estudo revela que um ponto crítico de potencial impacto ambiental está vinculado às tarefas de transporte de REEE e de coprodutos. Já em relação à saúde do trabalhador, o Risco de Acidentes é destaque representando 69% do somatório dos graus de riscos identificados.
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