Objective:The aim of the present study was to define normative data of phrenic nerve conduction parameters of a healthy population. Methods: Phrenic nerve conduction studies were performed in 27 healthy volunteers. Results: The normative limits for expiratory phrenic nerve compound muscle action potential were: amplitude (0.47 mv -0.83 mv), latency (5.74 ms -7.10 ms), area (6.20 ms/mv -7.20 ms/mv) and duration (18.30 ms -20.96 ms). Inspiratory normative limits were: amplitude (0.67 mv -1.11 mv), latency (5.90 ms -6.34 ms), area (5.62 ms/mv -6.72 ms/mv) and duration (13.77 ms -15.37 ms). Conclusion: The best point of phrenic nerve stimulus in the neck varies among individuals between the medial and lateral border of the clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and stimulation of both sites, then choosing the best phrenic nerve response, seems to be the appropriate procedure.Keywords: electrodiagnosis; reference values; phrenic nerve; spirometry; neural conduction. RESUMOObjetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi definir os dados normativos de condução do nervo frênico de uma população saudável. Métodos: Foram realizados estudos de condução do nervo frênico em 27 voluntários saudáveis. Resultados: Os limites normais do potencial de ação muscular composto do nervo frênico durante a expiração foram: amplitude (0.47 mv -0.83 mv), latência (5.74 ms -7.10 ms), área (6.20 ms/mv -7.20 ms/mv) e duração (18.30 ms -20.96 ms). E durante a inspiração os limites normais foram: amplitude (0.67 mv -1.11 mv), latência (5.90 ms -6.34 ms), área (5.62 ms/mv -6.72 ms/mv) e duração (13.77 ms -15.37 ms). Conclusão: O melhor ponto de estímulo do nervo frênico no pescoço varia entre a borda medial e lateral da cabeça clavicular do músculo esternocleidomastóideo. Estimular ambos os locais e escolher a melhor resposta do nervo frênico parece ser o procedimento mais adequado.Palavras-chave: eletrodiagnóstico; valores de referência; nervo frênico; espirometria; condução nervosa.Phrenic nerve conduction has found increasing application in the diagnosis of respiratory dysfunction associated with surgical, neuromuscular, and pulmonary disorders 1,2,3,4,5,6 , which are important causes of respiratory failure and frequently contribute to difficulties in weaning patients off the ventilator in the critical care unit 7 . To determine a neuromuscular cause of hypercapnic respiratory failure, respiratory electrodiagnostic studies are often used 8 . Recently, many authors have correlated phrenic nerve conduction abnormalities with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These studies demonstrated abnormal phrenic compound motor action potential (CMAP) amplitudes and latencies in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients 9,10,11,12 .Innervated by the phrenic nerve, the diaphragm is the principal respiratory muscle in humans. The diaphragmatic CMAPs are recorded with chest surface electrodes following phrenic nerve stimulation in the neck. Amplitude, latency, and area are measures used to evaluate phrenic nerve integrity 1,2,3,4,5,...
-Median nerve entrapment in the palm to wrist segment is known as carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Electromyography is the best evaluation test to confirm the disease, as it shows a median reduced conduction velocity and/or conduction block; however, the usual CTS electrodiagnostic tests do not separate segmental demyelination alone from segmental demyelination plus secondary axonal degeneration. We studied 100 hands from CTS patients (classified as mild, moderate, and severe), and 50 hands from normal subjects. The median palmar sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitude was measured and compared between the two groups. It would be expected that SNAP was normal if no axonal degeneration had occurred. The results showed that in mild CTS group and part of moderate CTS group SNAP amplitude was normal, whereas in severe CTS group, and part of moderate group SNAP amplitude was reduced, proving that axonal degeneration was involved. As it is well stated that axonal lesions have worse prognosis than segmental demyelinating ones, this simple test may help to preditic the CTS outcome and treatment.KEY WORDS: carpal, tunnel, syndrome, axonal, degeneration.Degeneração axonal na síndrome do túnel do carpo Degeneração axonal na síndrome do túnel do carpo Degeneração axonal na síndrome do túnel do carpo Degeneração axonal na síndrome do túnel do carpo Degeneração axonal na síndrome do túnel do carpo RESUMO -A compressão do nervo mediano no segmento punho-palma produz uma entidade clínica conhecida como síndrome do túnel do carpo (STC). A eletroneuromiografia é o exame de escolha para o diagnóstico da STC, através da identificação de diminuição de velocidade e/ou bloqueio de condução quando estudamos a neurocondução do nervo mediano, no trecho do punho. Entretanto, as técnicas comumente usadas não conseguem separar a lesão em mielínica focal com ou sem degeneração axonal secundária. Avaliamos 100 mãos de pacientes com STC e comparamos com 50 mãos de um grupo controle. Medimos a amplitude do potencial de ação do nervo sensitivo do mediano, com estímulo na palma e captação no dedo, e comparamos entre os grupos controle e de pacientes (o grupo de STC foi subdividido em leve, moderado e grave). Era esperado que a amplitude do potencial estivesse normal enquanto não houvesse degeneração axonal secundária. Os resultados mostraram que, no grupo de STC leve e parte do grupo de STC moderado, a amplitude do potencial está normal, enquanto que, no grupo de STC grave e em parte do grupo de STC moderado, a amplitude está diminuída, ou o potencial está abolido, demonstrando que existe degeneração axonal secundária nos casos de STC mais graves. Como em geral as lesões mielínicas focais têm melhor prognóstico do que as axonais, concluímos que a avaliação proposta pode ser útil no prognóstico e na orientação terapêutica. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: síndrome, túnel, carpo, degeneração axonal.Serviço de Neurofisiologia do Labs -Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brasil:1 Médico especialista em eletroneuromiografia pela Sociedade Brasileira de Neurofisiologia Cl...
Quantitative electromyography is an important tool to evaluate myopathies, and some difficult-to-treat asthmatic patients may have a subclinical corticosteroid myopathic process, using only inhaled corticosteroid, according to some studies. In this report, diaphragm quantitative electromyography was used to evaluate asthmatic difficult-to-treat patients, comparing them with a control group. Significant differences were obtained in amplitude, duration and size index of motor unit action potentials, with lower parameters in the asthmatic patients, which may indicate a myopathic process.
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