ABSTRACT. A major challenge for protected areas is providing wildlife with enough suitable habitat to cope with stochastic environment and increased pressure from the surrounding landscapes. In this study, we addressed changes in local populations of Magellanic Woodpeckers (Campephilus magellanicus) occupying three national parks of central-southern Chile. We compared the breeding and postbreeding abundance of woodpeckers during the 1990s with the present (2016) abundance (n = 4 years), and assessed the extent to which abundance was explained by forest type and quality of foraging habitat (as quantified through the plant senescence reflectance index; PSRI). Results show a distinctive temporal variation in woodpecker abundance at each park, with local populations of Magellanic Woodpeckers declining by 42.2% in Conguillío National Park, but increasing by 34.3% in Nahuelbuta National Park. Woodpeckers responded to forest conditions within each park such that their abundance increased with high quality of foraging habitat, i.e., large PSRI values, and the presence of old-growth Monkey puzzle (Araucaria araucana) -Nothofagus pumilio mixed forest. Anecdotal evidence suggests that populations of woodpeckers in Conguillío National Park might have responded negatively to large-scale disturbances from recent forest fires affecting part of the forest area within park. Because stochastic events seemed to strongly mediate population changes, our findings suggest that regional conservation of Magellanic Woodpeckers requires expanding the current conservation area network in central-southern Chile. Le Pic de Magellan dans trois parcs nationaux du centre-sud du Chili : effets de l'habitat et variation des populations durant les deux dernières décenniesRÉSUMÉ. Les aires protégées font face au défi important de fournir suffisamment d'habitat propice à la faune pour compenser le côté imprévisible de l'environnement et les pressions grandissantes provenant des paysages voisins. Dans le cadre de la présente étude, nous avons évalué les changements advenus dans les populations locales du Pic de Magellan (Campephilus magellanicus) qui fréquentent trois parcs nationaux du centre-sud du Chili. Nous avons comparé les effectifs de ce pic en nidification et en post-nidification dans les années 1990 avec ceux de 2016 (n = 4 années), et évalué dans quelle mesure les effectifs étaient reliés au type forestier et à la qualité des aires d'alimentation (quantifiée par l'indice de réflectance de la sénescence végétale; en anglais PSRI). Nos résultats montrent une variation temporelle des effectifs de pics distincte dans chaque parc : la population locale de Pics de Magellan a diminué de 42,2 % dans le parc national Conguillío, mais a augmenté de 34,3 % dans le parc national Nahuelbuta. Les pics se sont adaptés aux conditions forestières dans chaque parc, de sorte que leur abondance a augmenté là où les aires d'alimentation étaient de grande qualité, c.-à-d. avec des valeurs de PSRI élevées, et en fonction de la présence de forêt mélangée âgée de ...

One hundred and thirty eight epiphytic lichen species in 40 genera, are recorded from Conguillio National Park (38º30'-38º50' S; 71º30'-71º55' W), with predominancy of typically southern South American species. Lichen diversity is high, about 9 % of the lichen mycobiota from Chile, due mainly to species of the genera Bunodophoron, Menegazzia, Nephroma, Pannaria, Protousnea and Pseudocyphellaria. Levels of endemism are rather high (nearly 40 %); also austral and cosmopolitan species, about 19 % and 16 % respectively, are the most representative biogeographical elements in the Park.

To meet the request of supply of 2,4 MMm3/d of natural gas to Treˆs Lagoas Thermal Electric Plant in Treˆs Lagoas city, it was necessary to install a 12 in. branch in the 32 in. main line of the Bolivia-Brazil Gas Pipeline. The most efficient method for the execution of branch and maintenance repairs in gas pipeline is using the hot-tapping technique, where all work is performed with no need for stoppage and clearance of the line, maintaining the gas flow. This paper covers the entire project, specifications, planning and a detailed job execution to carry out this new city-gate using a fully reinforced T (split sleeve) welded into the pipeline, from the retaining of the company up to the safety measures adopted in the operation. The specifies of the complex and innovative welding procedure, still unprecedented in Brazil, that was performed in the API 5L X70 steel piping at an internal pressure of 9022 kPa, as well as the detailing of tests and inspections performed are also presented herein.

We report new records of Corynabutilon ochsenii (Phil.) Kearn ey populations in areas affected by forest fires 12 years ago at the Malleco National Forest Reserve in southern Chile. One of the populations is found at 1350 m a.s.l., which is the highest altitude ever reported for this species. C. ochsenii is part of the species that are reestablishing after the fire.