 The rapid guide includes three diagnosis recommendations and four management recommendations covering patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 with different levels of disease severity, throughout the care pathway from outpatient facility or hospital entry, to home discharge.  The rapid guide offers considerations about implementation, monitoring and evaluation, and identifies research needs.  The guide will be relevant for clinicians, hospital managers and planners, policy-makers, hospital architects, biomedical engineers, medical physicists, logistics staff, and control officers involved in water/sanitation and infection prevention.

Diagnosis and clinical staging of lung cancer are fundamental to planning therapy. The techniques for clinical staging, anatomic and metabolic imaging, endoscopies and minimally invasive surgical procedures, should be performed sequentially and with an increasing degree of invasiveness. Intraoperative staging, assessing the magnitude of the primary tumour, the involved structures, and the loco-regional lymphatic spread by means of systematic nodal dissection, is essential in order to achieve a complete resection. In resected tumours, pathological staging, with the systematic study of the resected specimens, is the strongest prognostic indicator and is essential to make further decisions on therapy. In the present decade, the guidelines on lung cancer staging of the American College of Chest Physicians and the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons are based on the best available evidence and are widely followed. Recent advances in the classification of the adenocarcinoma of the lung, with the definition of adenocarcinoma , minimally invasive adenocarcinoma and lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma, and the publication of the eighth edition of the tumour, node and metastasis classification of lung cancer, have to be integrated into the staging process. The present review complements the latest guidelines on lung cancer staging by providing an update of all these issues.

Mediastinal staging of NSCLC by FDG-PET/CT showed a considerable incidence of FNs. NPV is lower than previously reported and the preoperative mediastinal staging by 18FDG-PET/CT may jeopardise the accurate treatment for early stage NSCLC patients.

EUS and MRCP are extremely useful in diagnosing or excluding malignancy and choledocholithiasis in patients with dilated and nondilated biliary tree. Therefore, they are critical in the approach to the management of these patients.

No abstract