Objective: Getting to know the nursing care for the postoperative cardiac surgical patient, with or without cardiopulmonary bypass. Method: It is an integrative review done using BIREME and Scielo databases. Results: Most scientific articles were developed by nurses, 7 (60%), followed by 5 (40%) articles developed by doctors. It is observed that the majority of scientific articles were published in 2012, by nursing professionals, developed with quantitative and qualitative analysis. Conclusion: We conclude that the systematization of nursing assistance is of utmost importance since the preoperative until the postoperative period of cardiac surgery and among the alternative means of recovery from cardiovascular damage, the procedure with cardiopulmonary bypass, though it brings some complications, it is still the most effective.Descriptors: Cardiac surgery, Caring, Nursing. de los artículos científicos. Se observa que la mayoría de los artículos científicos fue publicada en 2012, por profesionales de enfermería, desarrollados con análisis cuantitativa y cualitativa. Conclusión: Se concluye que la sistematización de asistencia de enfermería es de extrema importancia desde el período pre-operatorio hasta el pos-operatorio de cirugía cardíaca y de entre los medios alternativos para la recuperación del daño cardiovascular, el procedimiento con circulación extracorpórea, aunque pueda traer algunas complicaciones, aún así es el más efectivo.

RESUMO Objetivo: relatar sobre a relevância da humanização hospitalar na Pediatria por meio da prática acadêmica em terapias lúdicas. Método: trata-se de estudo descritivo, tipo relato de experiência, da prática acadêmica em projeto de extensão “Enfermeiros da Alegria”. Resultados: permitiu-se, pelo ato de brincar, o desenvolvimento de comportamentos cognitivos da criança e suas potencialidades, tornando-a capaz de demonstrar seus sentimentos, criatividade, habilidades motoras e de descobrir a si mesma. Revelou-se que, por meio das atividades lúdicas, as crianças e os acompanhantes puderam expressar sentimentos e manifestar os acontecimentos desagradáveis que ocorrem durante a internação, proporcionando a distração das crianças, maior interação entre os acadêmicos e as crianças, como, também, entre estes e os acompanhantes, promovendo, assim, uma relação de empatia, um ambiente mais acolhedor e descontraído para as crianças. Conclusão: efetivou-se, pelo grupo Enfermeiros da Alegria, com o intuito de proporcionar um momento de distração à criança, seu objetivo, ao impactar positivamente os familiares e a equipe hospitalar no seu contexto. Evidenciou-se que iniciativas como a do Enfermeiros da Alegria, que possibilita a presença do palhaço e das brincadeiras infantis no ambiente hospitalar, proporcionam novos significados ao cuidar. Descritores: Enfermagem Pediátrica; Humanização da Assistência; Pediatria; Terapias Lúdicas; Criança Hospitalizada; Enfrentamento.ABSTRACT Objective: to report on the relevance of hospital humanization in pediatrics through academic practice in play therapies. Method: it is a descriptive study, type of experience report, of the academic practice in extension project "Nurses of Joy". Results: through the play, the development of the child's cognitive behaviors and their potentialities was enabled, making them able to demonstrate their feelings, creativity, motor skills and to discover themselves. It was revealed that, through play activities, children and caregivers were able to express feelings and express unpleasant events that occur during hospitalization, providing children distraction, greater interaction between the students and the children, as well as between these and the companions, thus promoting a relationship of empathy, a more welcoming and relaxed environment for the children. Conclusion: the objective was to provide a moment of distraction to the child by the Nurses of Joy group, by positively impacting family members and the hospital staff in their context. It has been shown that initiatives such as that of the Nurses of Joy, which makes possible the presence of the clown and children's games in the hospital environment, provide new meanings when caring. Descriptors: Pediatric Nursing; Humanization of Assistance; Pediatrics; Playful Therapies; Hospitalized Child; Confrontation.RESUMEN Objetivo: relatar sobre la relevancia de la humanización hospitalaria en la Pediatría por medio de la práctica académica en terapias lúdicas. Método: se trata de un estudio descriptivo, tipo relato de experiencia, de la práctica académica en proyecto de extensión "Enfermeros de la Alegría". Resultados: se permitió, por el acto de jugar, el desarrollo de comportamientos cognitivos del niño y sus potencialidades, haciéndolo capaz de demostrar sus sentimientos, creatividad, habilidades motoras y de descubrir a sí mismo. Se reveló que, a través de las actividades lúdicas, los niños y los acompañantes pudieron expresar sentimientos y manifestar los acontecimientos desagradables que ocurren durante la internación, proporcionando la distracción de los niños, mayor interacción entre los académicos y los niños, como también, entre estos y los acompañantes, promoviendo así una relación de empatía, un ambiente más acogedor y relajado para los niños. Conclusión: se efectuó, por el grupo Enfermeros de la Alegría, con el propósito de proporcionar un momento de distracción al niño, su objetivo, al impactar positivamente a los familiares y al equipo hospitalario en su contexto. Se evidenció que iniciativas como la de los enfermeros de la alegría, que posibilita la presencia del payaso y de los juegos infantiles en el ambiente hospitalario, proporcionan nuevos significados al cuidar. Descriptores: Enfermería pediátrica; Humanización de la Asistencia; Pediatría; Terapias Lúdicas; Niños Hospitalizados; Afrontamiento,

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar o conhecimento dos profissionais de Enfermagem sobre a reação transfusional, antes e após atividade de educação permanente. Método: trata-se de um estudo qualiquantitativo e explicativo, desenvolvido em um hospital de pequeno porte. Usou-se a estatística do Teste T pareado para testar a diferença entre as médias dos grupos e o software R para gerar as medidas-resumo. Resultados: compôs-se a amostra por 37 profissionais, sendo 22 técnicos de Enfermagem, oito enfermeiros e sete estagiários de Enfermagem, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino, jovem, solteira e trabalhando há menos de cinco anos na instituição e na Enfermagem. Quanto às avaliações, o percentual de acerto foi de 56% no pré-teste, enquanto, no pós-teste, esse percentual subiu para 87%, uma melhora de 31% no percentual de acerto. Conclusão: mostrou-se, pelo desempenho dos profissionais entre as avaliações do pré e do pós-teste, que o treinamento em reação transfusional se deu de maneira satisfatória, pois, de acordo com o teste estatístico utilizado, a HA das médias dos grupos serem significativamente diferentes foi aceita, sendo que o teste atingiu 82% da equipe de Enfermagem do hospital. Descritores: Educação Continuada; Reação Transfusional; Cuidados de Enfermagem; Profissionais de Enfermagem; Conhecimento; Riscos.ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the knowledge of nursing professionals about the transfusion reaction, before and after the activity of permanent education. Method: it is a qualitative and explanatory study, developed in a small hospital. The paired T-test statistic was used to test the difference between the means of the groups and the software R to generate the summary measures. Results: the sample consisted of 37 professionals, of whom 22 were nursing technicians, eight were nurses and seven were Nursing trainees, the majority being female, young, single and working less than five years in the institution and in Nursing. Regarding the evaluations, the percentage of correctness was 56% in the pre-test, while in the post-test, this percentage rose to 87%, a 31% improvement in the percentage of correctness. Conclusion: it was shown by the professionals' performance, between the pre-and post-test evaluations, that training in transfusion reaction occurred satisfactorily, since, according to the statistical test used, the averages of the groups were significantly different was accepted, and the test reached 82% of the hospital's nursing team. Descriptors: Continuing Education; Transfusional Reaction; Nursing care; Nursing professionals; Knowledge; Risks.RESUMENObjetivo: identificar el conocimiento de los profesionales de enfermería sobre la reacción transfusional, antes y después de la actividad de educación permanente. Método: se trata de un estudio cuali-cuantitativo y explicativo, desarrollado en un hospital de pequeño porte. Se utilizó la estadística del Test T pareado para probar la diferencia entre los promedios de los grupos y el software R para generar las medidas-resumen. Resultados: se compuso la muestra por 37 profesionales, siendo 22 técnicos de enfermería, ocho enfermeros y siete pasantes de enfermería, siendo la mayoría del sexo femenino, joven, soltera y trabajando desde hace menos de cinco años en la institución y en la enfermería. En cuanto a las evaluaciones, el porcentaje de acierto fue del 56% en el pre-test, mientras que en el post-test, ese porcentaje subió al 87%, una mejora del 31% en el porcentaje de acierto. Conclusión: se mostró, por el desempeño de los profesionales entre las evaluaciones del pre y del post-test, que el entrenamiento en reacción transfusional se dio de manera satisfactoria, pues, de acuerdo con el test estadístico utilizado, la HA de las media de los grupos haber sido significativamente diferentes fue aceptada, siendo que la prueba alcanzó el 82% del equipo de Enfermería del hospital. Descriptores: Educación Continuada; Reacción a la Transfusión; Atención de Enfermería; Enfermeras Practicantes; Conocimiento; Riesgo.

Introduction/Background This work aims to analyse the prevalence of excess weight in Brazil to demonstrate the nutritional transition that is occurring. The data mobilized in the research are from the Food and Nutritional Surveillance System (FNSS). Materials and methods This study employed a quantitative approach from the FNSS online secondary data survey through reports of nutritional status in different phases of life (child, adolescent, adult, elderly and pregnant), in different macroregions of the country (South, Southeast, Midwest, Northeast and North) and with a 12-year historical series (2008 to 2019). Results In the adult life stage, there was a time trend of increasing excess weight in all regions of this historical series. The southern region of Brazil and the adult life stage had the highest national percentage of excess weight (69,1%) in 2019 and had the lowest percentage of eutrophy (29.3%) in the region in 2019. In the elderly life phase, in the South, Southeast and Midwest regions, excess weight was higher than the other outcomes in the time series, with the highest annual prevalence in the South region (58,6%) in 2019. In the adolescent life stage, there was a time trend of increasing excess weight in all regions, and excess weight had the highest prevalence in 2019 in the South (35,8%). The lowest prevalence rates of excess weight were in the following age groups: children aged 0 to <  2 years old and children aged 2 to <  5 years old. Additionally, it was in Group 5 to < 10 years old that the most critical prevalence of excess weight (35,07%) was found in 2018. However, malnutrition (low weight) persists, especially in the elderly and children. In the pregnancy life stage, there was a temporal trend of increase in excess weight in all regions, with higher percentages in 2019 in the South (53.5%) and Southeast (50.8%). Conclusion Excess weight has shown increasing time trends in the adolescent, adult, elderly and pregnant life stages in all regions of Brazil, suggesting that public FNS policymakers should be more assertive in the planning and management of programs and actions to reduce the percentages of diseases.