Posttraumatic growth (PTG) refers to the transformative process that can lead to positive changes after dealing with a traumatic event. Furthermore, different traumas have been found to lead to differing processes and outcomes from each other. This study is expanding on the Hefferon, Grealy, and Mutrie (2009) study in which they discovered that the PTG experience among people with life-threatening illnesses has unique, corporeal features. The experience of being severely injured has elements unique from other traumas due to its direct and substantial impact to the body. This investigation aims to advance the knowledge of the corporeal elements of PTG and PTG in general. This study reviewed and synthesized the qualitative data on the experience of PTG in people with severe physical injury. Thirteen journal articles-published before September 1, 2014, in PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, CINAHLPlus, and Academic Search Complete-were reviewed. Key themes included existential reflection, humanity, meaningful leisure engagement, and new abilities: awareness of physiological and psychological potential. Findings support that there are unique elements to the PTG experience in people with severe injuries. Additional research is needed to understand the trauma experiences among different injuries and the overall processes and outcomes of severe-injury-related trauma.

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Population viability analyses for a number of endangered species have incorporated a metapopulation approach. The risk assessments of these viability analyses have indicated that some extant populations should be subdivided into numerous subgroups with exchange of individuals among them in order to

Four isosporan species are described from the small tree finch, Camarhynchus parvulus from Isabela Island on the Galapagos Archipelago. Isospora exigua n. sp. oocysts subspheroidal, one-layered, smooth, yellow-brown color, 20.4 X 20.1 (20-23 X 18-23) microns, with no micropyle, residuum, or polar body. Sporocysts ovoidal, 14 X 9.5 (13-15 X 8-10) microns, with small Stieda and substieda bodies and irregular-shaped residuum. Isospora rotunda n. sp. oocysts subspheroidal, single-layered, smooth, yellow-brown wall with large polar body and no micropyle or residuum, 20.9 X 20.8 (20-24 X 19-23) microns. Sporocysts ovoidal, 15 X 9.7 (13-16 X 9-10) microns with knob-like Stieda bodies, prominent substieda bodies and round residuum. Isospora fragmenta n. sp. oocysts subspheroidal with no micropyle or residuum but with many splinter-like polar granules and a smooth, colorless, single-layered wall, 25.3 X 24.2 (24-27 X 23-25) microns. Sporocysts piriform 15.4 X 11.5 (14-17 X 11-12) microns with knob-like Stieda bodies, prominent substieda bodies, and irregular-shaped residuum. Isospora temeraria n. sp. oocysts ellipsoidal with one polar body, no micropyle or residuum, and wall of a single layer, smooth, yellow-brown color, 25.4 X 21.1 (21-30 X 17-23) microns. Sporocysts piriform, 15 X 10 (14-15 X 9-11) microns with knob-like Stieda bodies, prominent substieda bodies, and a round residuum. One woodpecker finch, Cactospiza pallida, was found to be infected with I. exigua, and a warbler finch, Certhidea olivacea was infected with I. fragmenta.