Bovine serum albumin is one of the major serum proteins; it plays an important role as a result of its functional and nutritional properties which have bioactive peptides. Adsorption method was used to separate protein, which involves hydroxyapatite, synthetic hydroxyapatite, and active babassu coal. Initially, characterization was carried out using the zeta potential of the adsorbents. Kinetic pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order models were applied. For isotherms, equilibrium data studies were carried out using the Langmuir and Freundlich models, in addition to determining the efficiency of adsorptive process. The results of the zeta potential showed loads ranging from +6.9 to −42.8 mV. The kinetic data were better represented in the pseudo-second-order model with chemisorption characteristics. The adsorption capacity of the adsorbents decreased as pH increased, indicating that the electrostatic bonds and some functional groups of active babassu coal contributed to the reduction of adsorption, especially oxygen linked to carbon atoms. The value of pH 4.0 showed the best results of adsorption, being obtained as the maximum adsorption capacity (q m) and yield (%) (where q m = 87.95 mg g−1 and 74.2%; 68.26 mg g−1 and 68.6%; and 36.18 mg g−1, 37.4%) of hydroxyapatite, synthetic hydroxyapatite, and active babassu coal, respectively.
A cultura do tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.), seja de mesa ou para processamento industrial, é uma das mais difíceis de se produzir sem o uso de agrotóxicos, devido à alta incidência e susceptibilidade a pragas e doenças. O Brasil é classificado, pela Organização das Nações Unidas para a Agricultura e Alimentação (FAO), como um dos países onde mais se aplicam agrotóxicos de forma excessiva (Bedor et al. 2007). Os fungicidas são os mais utilizados na cultura do tomate, sendo os ditiocarbamatos os mais aplicados. Alguns metabólitos produzidos por fungici- ABSTRACT RESUMOdas são prejudiciais ao homem e, por esta razão, vários estudos são realizados para avaliar a remoção deste agrotóxico (Vetorazzi et al. 1995, Hwang et al. 2002, Bastos et al. 2007). Os ditiocarbamatos são usados como fungicidas no mundo inteiro, há várias décadas, na agricultura, no cultivo de plantas ornamentais e de gramas e no tratamento do solo (Arbo et al. 2006). Tais compostos formam a mais importante classe de agrotóxicos, empregada no controle de diversas doenças fúngicas em sementes, frutos e vegetais (Arbo et al. 2006, Lima et al. 2007). Apresentam características de proteção de contato e formação de película protetora na superfície tratada, que impede a penetração 1. Trabalho recebido em ago./2008 e aceito para publicação em mar./2010 (n° registro: PAT 4593/
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