Diante da constante degradação dos ecossistemas fluviais torna-se de fundamental importância o desenvolvimento de métodos que avaliem os padrões globais que determinam a qualidade dos sistemas lóticos de forma objetiva, com baixo custo e de maneira eficiente. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar a eficiência da utilização de um Protocolo de Avaliação Rápida da Diversidade de Habitat em atividades de monitoramento de ambientes lóticos por estudantes de graduação. O estudo foi conduzido em dois riachos e contou com a participação de 114 estudantes dos cursos de bacharelado em Ciências Biológicas e Engenharia Ambiental, que utilizaram o protocolo adaptado dos propostos pela EPA de Ohio, EUA. Na avaliação, os riachos Curral de Arame e Água Boa foram classificados em “natural” e “alterado”, respectivamente. Observou-se baixa variabilidade nas respostas entre os estudantes, o que não interferiu no resultado final da avaliação das condições ecológicas dos riachos. Alguns dos parâmetros físicos e químicos da água mensurados corroboram a classificação do protocolo, uma vez que foi observada diferença significativa para oxigênio dissolvido e condutividade elétrica da água entre os riachos. Entretanto, o protocolo utilizado constituiu-se em um eficiente recurso didático e uma ferramenta simples e dinâmica para atividades de monitoramento.
Fish farming is becoming an increasingly popular agricultural activity, and water quality in these environments is a major concern. Fish parasites, such as monogeneans, respond to changes in abiotic conditions, either with an increase or decrease in population. This study aimed to identify gill monogeneans and analyse their relationships with abiotic factors during the ontogenetic development of Nile tilapia over the fish culture cycle in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Fish were sampled monthly for eight months, and a total of 200 fish were collected. The physical and chemical water parameters were measured and correlated with the abundance of each monogenean species. Over the fish culture cycle, the physical and chemical parameters fluctuated, and the water quality decreased. The parasites found included Cichlidogyrus tilapiae, Cichlidogyrus thurstonae, Cichlidogyrus sclerosus, Cichlidogyrus halli and Scutogyrus longicornis. The abundances of all species showed significant differences during ontogenetic development (body size) and C. tilapiae, C. sclerosus, C. thurstonae and S. longicornis were correlated with changes in abiotic conditions. However, C. halli was not significantly correlated with any of the evaluated physical or chemical parameters. Understanding how different monogenean species respond to changes in the physical and chemical parameters of water during a production cycle can prevent peaks in abundance and subsequent sanitary problems.
ABSTRACT. We evaluated the growth and diet composition of hybrid surubim larvae (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans x P. reticulatum) produced in two fish farming by using different systems of feeding with natural plankton: M I, larvae are transferred to fertilized fish pond for being freely fed with natural plankton; M II, larvae are remained inside laboratory in glass fiber boxes and plankton are gathered with a plankton net and offered in a controlled way. It was collected 10 individuals daily during the feeding period with live plankton for 20 days. After the biometry, stomachs were opened and the food items identified and quantified by the volumetric method. The items were represented by algae, protozoa, microcrustacean, insect larvae and surubim fragments (cannibalism). The items with higher volumetric percentage were Chironomidae larvae (29.25%) followed by surubim fragments (19.68%) in M I, and surubim fragments (21.85%) and Moina micrura (19.97%) in MII. The items Chydorus sp., Diaphanosoma sp., sp. Macrothrix and Ephemeroptera larvae were found only in fish of M I, while algae Ulothrix sp., Oscillatoria sp. and the protozoa Difflugia sp were only found in stomachs of surubim from M II. Regarding the growth, the surubim had grown faster in M I.Keywords: larviculture, freshwater fish, diet.Alimentação de larvas do surubim híbrido Pseudoplatystoma sp. sob duas condições de manejo alimentar RESUMO. Este trabalho avaliou o crescimento e a composição da dieta de larvas do surubim híbrido (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans x P. reticulatum) produzidas em duas pisciculturas que utilizam sistemas diferentes de alimentação com plâncton natural: M I, as larvas são transferidas para viveiros previamente fertilizados para se alimentarem livremente com plâncton natural e M II, as larvas permanecem no laboratório em caixas de fibra de vidro e o plâncton são coletados com rede e oferecidos de forma controlada. Foram coletados dez exemplares por dia durante 20 dias. Após a biometria e a retirada dos estômagos, os itens alimentares foram identificados e quantificados por meio do método volumétrico. Os itens com maiores percentuais volumétricos foram larvas de Chironomidae (29,25%) seguido de restos de surubim (19,68%) em M I e restos de surubim (21,85%) e Moina micrura (19,97%) em M II. Os itens Chidorus sp., Diaphanosoma sp., Macrotrix SP. e larvas de Ephemeroptera foram encontrados apenas nos estômagos dos surubins do M I, enquanto as algas Ulothrix sp., Oscillatoria sp., assim como o protozoário do gênero Diflugia, foram observados apenas nos estômagos dos surubins do M II. Em relação ao crescimento, os surubins do M I apresentaram crescimento mais rápido do que em M II.Palavras-chave: larvicultura, peixe de água doce, dieta.
The presence of interspecific hybrid surubim (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans × Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum) in natural environments can put at risk the existence of the pure parental lineages. The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic variability of pure Pseudoplatystoma corruscans and Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum individuals from rivers in the Paraná and Paraguay basins in Brazil. Seventy-six pure individuals of P. corruscans and 16 of P. reticulatum were evaluated with six microsatellite loci for both species, along with one species-specific locus each for P. corruscans and P. reticulatum. Loss of heterozygosity was confirmed, and preservation measures for P. corruscans and P. reticulatum are needed in order not to lose further genetic variation. In addition, we confirmed that these markers are useful for the management of pure stocks in natural environments, for fish breeding, and in Biology Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (
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