This paper describes the engineering structure and functions of a typical solenoid valve used in hydraulic mechanisms that are based on variable camshaft timing (VCT). The main operating parameters and functional utility coefficients of hydraulic solenoid valves have been defined. Tests of 10 reference and 10 prototype valves were run on a test stand for a comparative assessment of both engineering concepts based on Welch and Mann–Whitney statistical tests of the mean values of designated coefficients. The studies identified differences between both designs, and the obtained research material was used as an input to improve the performance of the engineered concept. To perform a final evaluation of the effects that arise as a result of changes introduced to some functional–operational coefficients, additional tests are required to be run on an engine testbed. The applied test methodology may then be used for control and verification tests of the valves, which can further be used in VCT technology.

By simulating the welding process, potential non-conformities can be detected before serial production is launched, which can significantly reduce operation costs. There are many different possibilities for modeling the process, therefore it is very important to choose a method that will ensure high accuracy of the solution in a relatively short time. The article will present the influence of various methods of modeling the welding process in the CAE environment on the obtained deformation results. For the given geometry and type of weld, the thermal deformations have been simulated based on the Finite Element Method. Several analyzes were carried out using different process modeling approaches (mesh type). Finally, a comparison of the results for the discussed cases is presented to determine the influence of the parameters used on the deformation results obtained.