Transport in cities is one of the most important sources of emissions. Electromobility is an essential element in the catalogue of activities of local authorities aimed at combating climate change. Over the years trolleybus transport has been characterised by both phases of development and regression and is still an essential component of zero-emission urban transport in about 300 cities worldwide. The development of electricity storage technology, especially in the form of a battery, has opened up new prospects for this mode of transport. A trolleybus equipped with a battery (in-motion charging technology) gains unique characteristics for operation independent of the catenary. This study presents the approach for assessing the development of in-motion charging for trolleybuses in all Polish cities operating this means of transport. A set of KPIs has therefore, been set and analysed. The analysis covers a comparison between 2014 and 2019, aimed at showing the development of technological innovations in this field. The results clearly show that in-motion charging technology leads to the development of trolleybus transport, although this development has mainly a qualitative dimension. A key factor determining the development of trolleybus transport using in-motion charging technology is progress in the development of traction batteries.

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Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to present the simulation method of power plants and storage system capacity design. Design/methodology/approach -Owing to solar irradiation, wind speed and water flow are highly and randomly changeable, time variation of the signals needs to be taken into consideration as well as some features of the power plants and storage system. A Matlab/Simulink model of the given system -DC microgrid has been developed. The model allows simulation of a few years static simulations of the power balance. Hence, it can be used to size the plants.Findings -An effective method of the power system design has been developed. It allows sizing the plants taking into consideration resources and load profiles, year changes in profiles and future development of the system. The storage system can be optimized to avoid high power unbalance and power cost increasing.Research limitations/implications -The model describes only static power behaviour of the modelled power system. It does not allow simulating local voltage changes and dynamic properties of the plants and storage. Practical implications -This technique helps to size the plants and, first of all, storage system taking into consideration several technical and economical issues. Originality/value -The method gives opportunity to design a storage system's capacity and power and optimize them. The authors have not found similar methods in the literature.

Abstract. Authors of following article present the method of battery work simulation based on real measurement data of applied chemical cells and workload data. Description of method as its assumptions are presented. Next authors present workplace designed and constructed for acquiring operating characteristics according to assumed research plan. Article introduces computer system responsible for running simulations. At the end of publication results of selected runs are presented. Also described are types of tested cells and means of acquiring data concerning battery workload. Article ends with summarization and approximate plans of method development.

The current uncertainty about oil and gas prices and their resources, and future energy concerns, smart grids lead to further development. In this paper, a two way communication-based distributed control for voltage regulation in smart grid is proposed. Moreover, 16-bus distribution feeders system is modeled by real time simulation in MATLAB/Simulink in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The results are evidence for capability of proposed system to regulate the voltage in smart distribution feeders.