Background The pathogenesis and treatment of lateral elbow epicondylitis (LEE) are still controversial. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the production of inflammatory cytokines by LEE-derived cells and to compare the anti-inflammatory effect of triamcinolone acetonide with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on cytokines production in primary culture of these cells. Methods Third passage cells from primary cultures of LEE were assessed for the production of the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α by immune-enzymatic assay (ELISA), after the treatment with 1, 10 and 100 μM triamcinolone compared to no treated controls at the time points 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, and to PRP at 48, 72 and 96 h. Results The cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 were produced in high concentrations by LEE cells. One, 10 and 100 μM triamcinolone induced significant decrease in the production of IL-6 and IL-8 at 48, 72 and 96 h, adding the time point 12 h for IL-8. Compared to controls, PRP caused a significant increase in the production of IL-6 and IL-8 and there was a significant increase in IL-10 production with the use of 100 μM triamcinolone at 48 h. The production of IL1-β and TNF-α was very low and did not change when the cultures were treated with triamcinolone or PRP. Conclusion LEE-derived cells produce IL-6 and IL-8, confirming the inflammatory nature of this condition. While triamcinolone inhibited the production of IL-6 and IL-8 by LEE cells, PRP induced an increase in these cytokines compared with controls.

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Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an excellent treatment option for a wide variety of orthopaedic conditions. This study aimed to establish if bone marrow MSCs obtained from proximal humerus fractures can be an alternative source for obtaining primary cultures of human MSCs.Methods: Human bone marrow was obtained during osteosynthesis surgeries on closed proximal humerus fractures within 48 hours of injury. MSCs were harvested using the Ficoll gradient separation protocol and in vitro cultured until the third passage. Then, the cells were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry using stem cell specific surface markers. The cells were also induced to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes for the characterization and confirmation of MSCs. The production of cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interferon γ (IFN-γ) was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the supernatant of the cultures after 3, 5 or 7 days.Results: Immunophenotyping showed high expression of the stem cell surface markers CD73, CD90, and CD105 and negative or very low expression of CD34, CD45, CD11b, CD19, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR. The bone marrow derived MSCs were able to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes. The quantification of secreted cytokines revealed that IL-8 was the most produced cytokine, followed by IL-6 and IL-10 at similar quantities and lower levels of IL-1β. TNF-α and IFN-γ were not detected.Conclusions: Proximal humerus fractures can be an alternative source for the collection of bone marrow MSCs. The cytokine production of these cells is very similar to the production profile of fracture haematomas previously reported and may be used for improving bone repair.

This paper describes an enhanced automatic keyphrase extraction method applied to Broadcast News. The keyphrase extraction process is used to create a concept level for each news. On top of words resulting from a speech recognition system output and news indexation and it contributes to the generation of a tag/keyphrase cloud of the top news included in a Multimedia Monitoring Solution system for TV and Radio news/programs, running daily, and monitoring 12 TV channels and 4 Radios.

Background: Lateral epicondylitis (LE) is a common musculoskeletal condition. However, the treatment of LE is still controversial. The present study evaluated the production of inflammatory cytokines by lateral epicondylitis-derived cells and compared the anti-inflammatory effect of triamcinolone acetonide with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on their production in cell culture.Methods: Third passage cells from primary cultures of lateral epicondylitis were assessed for the production of the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α by immune-enzymatic assay (ELISA), after treatment with 1, 10 and 100 mM triamcinolone compared to untreated controls at the time points 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, and to PRP at 48, 72 and 96 hours.Results: The cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 were produced in high concentrations by lateral epicondylitis cells. Triamcinolone induced a significant decrease in the production of IL-6 and IL-8 at 48, 72 and 96 hours, and at 12 hours for IL-8. The PRP group produced significantly higher levels of IL-8 than the control group, at 96 hours. There was a significant increase in IL-10 production with the use of 100 μM triamcinolone at 48 hours, compared to controls. The production of IL1-β and TNF-α was very low and did not change when the cultures were treated with triamcinolone or PRP.Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that IL-6 and IL-8 plays a role in the pathogenesis of lateral epicondylitis. Triamcinolone inhibited the production of the production of IL-6 and IL-8 by lateral epicondylitis-derived cells and PRP induced an increase in IL-8 levels compared to controls.