Objective: To know surgical patients' understanding of the free and informed consent form (FICF). Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted with patients in the immediate postoperative period of different surgical procedures. Intentional sample. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire with Likert type responses, and analyzed through descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: Of the 374 patients evaluated, 36.4% underwent surgical procedures on the musculoskeletal system, and 35.3% received the FICF from a non-medical professional (secretary). The patients agreed that they understood the information written on the FICF (44.7%), that the information was clear (59.6%), that doubts were clarified (57%), and that they knew the function of the FICF (59.6%). Only 28.6% of patients confirmed that they had obtained a signed copy of the FICF. Conclusion: Most participants understood the written information on the FICF, but it is necessary to expand this understanding to all patients, as well as provide a copy of the signed document. ResumoObjetivo: Verificar o entendimento dos pacientes cirúrgicos em relação ao Termo de Consentimento Informado (TCI). Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado com pacientes em pós-operatório mediato de diferentes procedimentos cirúrgicos. Amostra intencional. Dados coletados por meio de questionário com respostas do tipo Likert, e analisados através de estatística descritiva e analítica. Resultados: Dos 374 pacientes avaliados, 36,4% foram submetidos a procedimentos do sistema musculoesquelético e 35,3% recebeu o TCI de profissional não médico (secretária). Os pacientes concordam que compreenderam as informações escritas do TCI (44,7%), que as informações foram claras (59,6%), que houve esclarecimento de dúvidas (57%) e que sabia qual era a função do TCI (59,6%). Somente 28,6% dos pacientes concordaram que obtiveram uma cópia do TCI. Conclusão: A maioria dos participantes compreendeu as informações escritas no TCI, mas é preciso ampliar esse entendimento para todos os pacientes, bem como disponibilizar a cópia do TCI para todos.
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