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For the European Union, one of the greatest challenges of recent years is to guarantee quality education for all European citizens. The right to education, training and lifelong learning is enshrined in the first principle of the Europe pillar of social rights, establishing that everyone has the right to quality and inclusive education, training and lifelong learning in order to maintain and acquire skills that enable them to participate fully in society and successfully manage transitions in the labor market. This principle together with others are the guiding light towards a strong, equitable, inclusive social Europe and full of opportunities. Moreover, it is found that todays skills are an indispensable element for affirmation not only in a constantly evolving market, but also after the challenges of the situation created by the Covid-19 pandemic, they are indispensable elements in a global market and in an evolving society. In order for the retraining and development of skills to become a reality for all, as the statements of the European Commission also express, Member States need to collaborate with the social partners and stakeholders, through a process not only of decentralization but also of social integration. This work aims to analyze not only the historical path but also the guidelines of the future of the European Union policy which challenges to carry out reforms in the field of education.   Received: 20 May 2022 / Accepted: 30 June 2022 / Published: 5 July 2022

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The years 2015 and 2016, in the Italian Government's agenda, should be remembered as the phase of the great constitutional reform: after several failed attempts -Joint Committees, reforms rejected by popular vote -Italian State institutions would be subjected to undergo a makeover in modernizing and efficiency way. So far, the only political-administrative institutions to be reformed effectively, during the 90's of the last century, were the local ones, primarily the municipalities. The reforms of the 90's are characterized by several trends: the centrality of the role of the Mayor; enhanced customization; greater accountability. The levels of political mediation were scaled down in favour of "direttismo". The demo-elected Mayor is now primarily aimed at consolidation of the consensus. The paper, based on the evidence so far available, tries to test the hypothesis that the achievement of consensus on the part of the mayors can connect to the kind of leadership that they exercise and the socioprofessional profile.