We detected Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in a Hyalomma rufipes nymph collected from a whinchat ( Saxicola rubetra) on the island of Ventotene in April 2017. Partial genome sequences suggest the virus originated in Africa. Detection of the genome of this virus in Italy confirms its potential dispersion through migratory birds.

The technique herein presented is effective and useful to prevent postoperative gastric slippage. It does not induce pseudo-achalasia, if strictly controlled. In fact, it is avoided by the patient due to the immediate appearance of dysphagia, in the case of wrong food ingestion. Long-term clinico-radiological follow-up confirms that the technique is safe and effective in motivated patients with good compliance and willing to undergo periodic studies.

The relationships between species assemblages and pond characteristics were investigated in a well preserved Mediterranean coastal woodland. Data on adult abundance were collected fortnightly. Pond area and depth, shade, riparian vegetation, presence of four classes of aquatic plants, presence of fish and both the distances from pond to pond and from pond to sea were considered as pond features. Results showed the presence of 23 Odonata species on 23 ponds. A Mantel test showed that the matrices of pond to pond topographic distances and that of pond to pond faunistic similarity were independent, which supports the hypothesis that the adult Odonata actively choose their breeding site. A stepwise multiple regression showed that only pond size, minimum water level and riparian vegetation had significant effects (all positive) on the total number of Odonata species in each pond. On the other hand, a canonical correspondence analysis showed that the composition of Odonata species assemblages was sensitive to almost all variables. From the point of view of Odonata conservation, both the moderate effect of Gambusia holbrooki and the positive effect of the riparian vegetation on the number of Odonata species appear particularly interesting for restoring or creating Odonata habitats.

No abstract

The definition of difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is inconsistent. The aim of this study was to analyze the factors that make LC difficult to perform and determine ways to avoid conversion, based on our series. All patients who underwent LC or open cholecystectomy (OC) between January 1993 and December 2001 in our division of general surgery were the subject matter of this study. Preliminary decisions regarding LC or OC were avoided. Our experience (1993-2001) was based on 1360 consecutive elective LC procedures in 381 male and 979 female patients. The mean age of the patients at operation was 53 years (range, 17-84). The median operating time was 55 minutes (range, 35-180). The overall conversion rate was 1.8%. Indications for conversion included surgical difficulty during the laparoscopic procedure and anesthesia issues. The conversion rate has decreased to less than 1% in recent years. There were no mortalities, and the postoperative complication rates were low. The mean hospital stay of the patients was 2.6 days. In conclusion, based on our experience, we suggest limiting OC to patients with proven contraindications to LC (i.e., Mirizzi syndrome or systemic illness incompatible with pneumoperitoneum), attempting LC in all other cases, and considering cholecystostomy and delayed LC as an alternative to conversion during difficult LC.