The Internet of Things (IoT) is being adopted in different application domains and is recognized as one of the key enablers of the Smart City vision. Despite the standardization efforts and wide adoption of Web standards and cloud computing technologies, however, building large-scale Smart City IoT platforms in practice remains challenging. The dynamically changing IoT environment requires these systems to be able to scale and evolve over time adopting new technologies and requirements. In response to the similar challenges in building large-scale distributed applications and platforms on the Web, microservice architecture style has emerged and gained a lot of popularity in the industry in recent years. In this work, we share our early experience of applying the microservice architecture style to design a Smart City IoT platform. Our experience suggests significant benefits provided by this architectural style compared to the more generic Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) approaches, as well as highlights some of the challenges it introduces.

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This paper presents an Internet-of-Things software infrastructure that enables energy management and simulation of new control policies in a city district. The proposed platform enables the interoperability and the correlation of (near-)real-time building energy profiles with environmental data from sensors as well as building and grid models. In a smart city context, this platform fulfills 1) the integration of heterogeneous data sources at the building and district level, and 2) the simulation of novel energy policies at the district level aimed at the optimization of the energy usage accounting also for its impact on building comfort. The platform has been deployed in a real-world district and a novel control policy for the heating distribution network has been developed and tested. Results are presented and discussed in the paper

In this paper, the design of an event-driven user-centric middleware for monitoring and managing energy consumption in public buildings and spaces is presented. The main purpose is to increase energy efficiency in buildings and public spaces, thus reducing consumption. To achieve this, the proposed service-oriented middleware has been designed to be event based, also exploiting the user behavior patterns of people who live and work in buildings. Furthermore, it allows an easy integration of heterogeneous technologies in order to enable a hardware-independent interoperability between them. Moreover, a heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) control strategy has been developed, and the whole infrastructure has been deployed in a real-world case study consisting of a historical building. Finally, the results will be presented and discussed

In this paper, the design of an event-driven middleware for general purpose services in Smart Grid is presented. The main purpose is to provide a peer-to-peer (P2P) distributed software infrastructure to allow the access of new multiple and authorized actors to Smart Grid's information in order to provide new services. To achieve this, the proposed middleware has been designed to be i) event-based, ii) reliable, and ii) secure from malicious Information and Communication Technology (ICT) attacks, as well as iv) to enable hardware independent interoperability between heterogeneous technologies. To demonstrate practical deployment, a numerical case study applied to the whole UK distribution network is presented and the capabilities of the proposed infrastructure are discussed.