Results suggest that the survival rate for cats requiring PPV may be lower than reported survival rates for dogs. Death was attributable to progressive respiratory failure, non-responsive hypotension, kidney failure, or neurologic impairment.

This report describes the clinical, histopathologic, and imaging findings of multifocal oligodendrogliomas from three canine patients. Clinical history varied but included seizure activity and behavior changes. Neurologic examination abnormalities included ataxia, proprioceptive deficits, cranial nerve deficits, and changes in mentation. MRI in one patient revealed multifocal brain lesions; however, the MRI was normal in another one of the patients. Histopathologic evaluation identified multifocal neoplastic infiltrates in all three patients involving the cerebral cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord, with leptomeningeal extension in two of the three patients. All three patients were euthanized due to progression of their neurologic condition and/or complications due to aspiration pneumonia. Oligodendrogliomas should be considered a differential diagnosis for patients with multifocal brain disease.

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Abstract. Due to their high item difficulties and excellent psychometric properties, construction-based figural matrices tasks are of particular interest when it comes to high-stakes testing. An important prerequisite is that test preparation – which is likely to occur in this context – does not impair test fairness or item properties. The goal of this study was to provide initial evidence concerning the influence of test preparation. We administered test items to a sample of N = 882 participants divided into two groups, but only one group was given information about the rules employed in the test items. The probability of solving the items was significantly higher in the test preparation group than in the control group ( M = 0.61, SD = 0.19 vs. M = 0.41, SD = 0.25; t(54) = 3.42, p = .001; d = .92). Nevertheless, a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis, as well as a differential item functioning analysis, indicated no differences between the item properties in the two groups. The results suggest that construction-based figural matrices are suitable in the context of high-stakes testing when all participants are provided with test preparation material so that test fairness is ensured.

The present study conducted a meta-analysis to examine the relation between grit and subjective well-being (SWB). The association between grit (i.e., overall grit, perseverance of effort, and consistency of interest) and SWB (i.e., positive affect, negative affect, happiness, depression, life satisfaction, job satisfaction, and school satisfaction) were synthesized across 83 studies and 66,518 participants. The results based on a random-effects model showed a substantial correlation between overall grit and SWB (ρ = .46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [.43, .48]), followed by perseverance of effort (ρ = .38, 95% CI = [.33, .43]) and consistency of interest (ρ = .23, 95% CI = [.17, .28]). The moderator analysis indicated that the correlations between overall grit/consistency of effort and SWB become weaker as age increased, and these links were stronger in affective well-being than in cognitive well-being. Moreover, grit explained unique variance in SWB even after controlling for conscientiousness. Implications and directions for further research are discussed.