Demonstrating the equivalence of constructs is a key requirement for crosscultural\ud
empirical research. The major purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how to\ud
assess measurement and functional equivalence or invariance using the 9-item, 3-factor\ud
Love of Money Scale (LOMS, a second-order factor model) and the 4-item, 1-factor Pay\ud
Level Satisfaction Scale (PLSS, a first-order factor model) across 29 samples in six\ud
continents (N = 5973). In step 1, we tested the configural, metric and scalar invariance\ud
of the LOMS and 17 samples achieved measurement invariance. In step 2, we applied\ud
the same procedures to the PLSS and nine samples achieved measurement invariance.\ud
Five samples (Brazil, China, South Africa, Spain and the USA) passed the measurement\ud
invariance criteria for both measures. In step 3, we found that for these two measures,\ud
common method variance was non-significant. In step 4, we tested the functional\ud
equivalence between the Love of Money Scale and Pay Level Satisfaction Scale. We\ud
achieved functional equivalence for these two scales in all five samples. The results of\ud
this study suggest the critical importance of evaluating and establishing measurement\ud
equivalence in cross-cultural studies. Suggestions for remedying measurement nonequivalence\ud
are offered
Palestinian children seem to enjoy a satisfactory quality of life with regard to optimism, satisfaction and perceived happiness. We hypothesize that these factors may reinforce resilience and positive adjustment to trauma in children. The implications for clinical psychology are discussed.
Il presente lavoro ha l'obiettivo di esplorare ottimismo, felicitŕ percepita e soddisfazione della vita in un gruppo di bambini palestinesi residenti in Cisgiordaniěa in aree urbane, rurali, nel campo profughi e in Israele. Sono stati somministrati a un campione di convenienza di bambini (N = 226) in etŕ scolare (8-12 anni) tre strumenti self report: Youth life Orientation Test (YLOT), Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) and Faces Scale (FS). I punteggi sono stati sottoposti ad analisi della varianza (ANOVA) e delle correlazioni (r di Pearson). Sono state esplorate differenze nel genere e nell'etŕ. I risultati mostrano che ottimismo, soddisfazione della vita e felicitŕ percepita caratterizzano in generale i bambini palestinesi; i bambini del campo profughi ottengono i punteggi piů alti. Sono state rilevate alcune differenze di genere. In conclusione la qualitŕ della vita dei bambini palestinesi sembra soddisfacente sia per quanto riguarda l'ottimismo, che per la soddisfazione e la felicitŕ percepita. Tali fattori si ipotizza possano rinforzare la resilienza e un aggiustamento positivo al trauma nei bambini. Vengono discusse alcune implicazioni cliniche, oltre che sviluppi futuri e limiti della ricerca.
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