O picloram é um herbicida que apresenta elevada persistência no solo, podendo causar danos severos a plantas cultivadas em sucessão e ao meio ambiente. A fitorremediação de áreas contaminadas vem sendo estudada como forma de redução da persistência e impacto ambiental desse herbicida. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a influência do tempo de cultivo de Urochloa brizantha cv. Piatã sobre a fitorremediação de solo contaminado com picloram. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições, e os tratamentos foram compostos por cinco períodos de cultivo (150, 210, 240, 270 e 300 dias). Concluiu-se que a braquiária atuou de maneira efetiva na fitorremediação dos solos contaminados, sendo que, quanto maior o período de cultivo, maior foi o seu potencial fitorremediador. Observou-se recuperação no aparato fotossintético das plantas bioindicadoras (Phaseolus vulgaris) estudadas, a partir de 240 dias de cultivo da braquiária.
The long lasting residual effect of some auxin herbicides depends on soil characteristics and may cause phytotoxicity on subsequent crops. Picloram is one of the main herbicides used in pastures, presenting a long lasting residual effect in the soil. This study aimed at determining the physiological and morphological characteristics of common bean plants grown in soil contaminated with picloram, under greenhouse conditions. A complete randomized blocks design, with treatments consisting of picloram doses (0 g ha-1, 7.5 g ha-1, 15 g ha-1, 30 g ha-1, 60 g ha-1 and 120 g ha-1 a.i.), with five replications, was used. Urochloa brizantha was sown in pots, and its height and shoot fresh and dry matter were evaluated. In the same pots, Phaseolus vulgaris was sown as a bio-indicator of picloram, and the following characteristics were measured: plant height, fresh and dry matter, phytotoxicity, leaf area, number of leaves per plant, maximum photosynthetic efficiency and relative electron transport rate. The phytoremediation process occurs in soil with picloram residues (up to 30 g ha-1) when covered by U. brizantha for 150 days. The common bean plants show a good potential as biological indicator of the presence of picloram residues in the soil.
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