RESUMO.Estresse oxidativo é um distúrbio metabólico no qual moléculas instáveis, também denominadas espécies reativas, ocasionam injúrias celulares devido a reações de óxido-redução com moléculas orgânicas, tais como fosfolipídios, proteínas e DNA. Essas injúrias podem acarretar perda da função celular e, consequentemente, disfunções importantes nos sistemas orgânicos. Tais espécies são formadas constantemente na fisiologia celular normal, seja através do metabolismo do oxigênio ou dos aminoácidos, gerando, respectivamente, as espécies reativas do oxigênio (EROS) e espécies reativas do nitrogênio (ERNS). Devido ao potencial tóxico dessas moléculas, mecanismos de proteção endógenos e exógenos, representados pelos agentes antioxidantes, entram em ação para neutralizar esses compostos e impedir a injúria celular. Quando a produção dessas espécies excede a capacidade antioxidante do organismo, o metabolismo celular entra em estresse oxidativo. Em certos casos, as produções das EROS e ERNS tornam-se desejáveis, como exemplo nos distúrbios inflamatórios, onde participarão da produção de mediadores inflamatórios, porém a exacerbação dessa produção pode ser prejudicial, sendo importante conhecer o status oxidativo para controlar a progressão do distúrbio em animais enfermos. Neste contexto, é necessário conhecer o perfil bioquímico dos compostos oxidantes e antioxidantes na rotina clínico-hospitalar de pequenos e grandes animais. O presente trabalho objetivou elucidar sobre os mecanismos fisiopatológicos do estresse oxidativo, bem como os métodos de diagnóstico laboratorial disponíveis, para explanar a importância do estresse oxidativo na prática clínica, de modo que a determinação desses compostos seja incluída na rotina médica e hospitalar. Palavras chave: antioxidantes, injúria celular, radicais livresOxidative stress: pathophysiology and laboratory diagnosis ABSTRACT. Oxidative stress is a metabolic disorder in which unstable molecules, also called reactive species, cause cellular injury due to oxidation-reduction reactions with organic molecules, such as phospholipids, proteins and DNA. These injuries can lead to loss of cellular function and, consequently, important dysfunctions in organic systems. These species are constantly formed in the normal cellular physiology, either through the metabolism of oxygen or amino acids, generating, respectively, reactive oxygen species (EROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNSN). Due to the toxic potential of these molecules, endogenous and exogenous protective mechanisms, represented by the antioxidant agents, come into action to neutralize these compounds and prevent cellular injury. When the production of these species exceeds the antioxidant capacity of the organism, the cellular metabolism enters into oxidative stress. In certain cases, the EROS and ERNS productions become desirable, as an example in inflammatory disorders, where they will participate in the production of inflammatory mediators, but the exacerbation of this production can be detrimental and it is important...
RESUMO.A ruptura do ducto torácico idiopático é de ocorrência rara em medicina veterinária. Sua fisiopatologia apresenta-se de forma obscura. O presente relato descreve a admissão de felino fêmea, 5 anos de idade, no setor de emergência e terapia intensiva do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais cursando com dispneia, sons torácicos abafados, e grande volume de líquido de aspecto quiloso após punção torácica. Pela rápida coleção de fluido pleural após punção, juntamente com o aspecto laboratorial da efusão, suspeitou-se de ruptura do ducto torácico idiopático, haja vista que o paciente não havia histórico de trauma, nem acesso a rua. Após toracotomia, verificou-se a ruptura total do ducto torácico, na altura da 9 o vértebra torácica, no qual realizou-se uma ligadura. O paciente evoluiu de forma satisfatória, recebendo alta dez dias após o procedimento cirúrgico. Conclui-se que a ruptura do ducto torácico acarreta importante alteração na fisiologia do paciente, exigindo preparo do médico veterinário por se tratar de situação de emergência pelas grandes alterações sistêmicas que causa. Palavras chave: Ducto torácico, gatos, tóraxIdiopathic rupture thoracic duct in a cat: Case report ABSTRACT: The idiopathic thoracic duct rupture is rare accurrence in veterinary medicine. This report describes the female feline admission, 5 years old, in the emergency room and intensive care of the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Minas Gerais studying with dyspnea, chest muffled sounds, and large volume of chylous aspect of liquid after thoracic puncture. The rapid collection of pleural fluid after puncture, along with the laboratory aspect of effusion, suspected to break the idiopathic thoracic duct, considering that the patient had no history of trauma, nor access to the street. After thoracotomy, there was a complete rupture of the thoracic duct, the height of the ninth thoracic vertebra, on which a ligature was performed. The patient developed satisfactorily, being discharged ten days after the surgical procedure. We conclude that the rupture of the thoracic duct has a major change in the patient's physiology, requiring preparation of the veterinarian because it is an emergency situation by major systemic changes that cause. Keywords: Thoracic duct, cats, chestRuptura de conducto torácico idiopático en un gato: Reporte de caso RESUMEN. La ruptura del conducto torácico idiopático es de ocurrencia rara en medicina veterinaria. Su fisiopatología se presenta de forma oscura. El presente relato describe la
Parvoviral enteritis is a common viral infection in dogs and is associated with many clinical and hematological changes. Bacterial translocation is a common complication and may result in sepsis. The objective of this study is to determine the presence of clinical and hematological factors associated with the risk of death in puppies with naturally occurring parvoviral enteritis and sepsis. Twenty-four dogs with parvoviral enteritis confirmed by chromatographic immunoassay during the clinical routine of a university veterinary hospital were selected. At admission and every 24 hours until the third day of hospitalization or until death, venous blood samples were collected for complete blood count, renal and hepatic biochemistry, and lactate and magnesium measurement; arterial blood samples were collected for gas analysis. Sodium, potassium, and ionized calcium were also analyzed, and a complete physical examination was performed. The factors associated with mortality were evaluated by Cox univariate analysis at a level of significance of 5%. The increase in urea and heart rate was associated with an increase in the risk of death. In contrast, an increase in total leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, partial pressure of oxygen, base deficit, bicarbonate ion, and oxygen saturation were associated with a reduction in the risk of death.
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